Michigan Code — UNIFORM.COMMERCIAL.CODE
Browse 613 sections in division UNIFORM.COMMERCIAL.CODE of the Michigan code. Each section page includes the full statutory text, official source links, and citation guidance.
Sections (showing up to 300)
- § 440.1101. Uniform commercial code; short title of act; heading of article.
- § 440.1102. Applicability of articles.
- § 440.1103. Construction of act.
- § 440.1104. Construction of act as to implied repeal by subsequent legislation.
- § 440.1106. Meanings.
- § 440.1108. Electronic signatures.
- § 440.1201. Definitions.
- § 440.1202. Definitions.
- § 440.1203. Transaction in form of lease; "remaining economic life of the goods" and "reasonably predictable" fair market rent, fair market value, or cost of performing under lease agreement; determination.
- § 440.1204. Value for rights.
- § 440.1205. Time for taking action.
- § 440.1206. Presumption.
- § 440.1301. Applicability of law of this state or other state or nation; applicability of act to transactions bearing relation to state; provisions specifying applicable law.
- § 440.1302. Agreements; "unless otherwise agreed"; implication.
- § 440.1303. Course of performance, course of dealing, or usage of trade.
- § 440.1304. Good faith obligation.
- § 440.1305. Administration of remedies; enforcement of right or obligation.
- § 440.1306. Claim or right arising out of alleged breach; discharge.
- § 440.1307. Prima facie evidence of certain documents.
- § 440.1308. Performance or promise of performance; effect of reservation of rights; applicability of subsection (1) to accord and satisfaction.
- § 440.1309. Accelerating payment or performance or requiring collateral or additional collateral.
- § 440.1310. Subordination.
- § 440.2101. Uniform commercial code—sales; short title.
- § 440.2102. Application of article; security and other transactions excluded.
- § 440.2103. Article 2; definitions.
- § 440.2104. “Merchant," “financing agency,” and “between merchants” defined.
- § 440.2105. Goods, lot, commercial unit; definitions.
- § 440.2106. Contract, agreement, contract for sale, sale, present sale; definitions of certain terms.
- § 440.2107. Contract for sale of property removable or severable from realty as contract for sale of goods; third party rights; execution and recording as notice to third parties.
- § 440.2201. Formal requirements; statute of frauds.
- § 440.2202. Final written expression of agreement; parol or extrinsic evidence.
- § 440.2203. Seals.
- § 440.2204. Contract for sale; formation, conduct, time, open terms.
- § 440.2205. Firm offers.
- § 440.2206. Offer and acceptance in formation of contract.
- § 440.2207. Additional or different terms in acceptance; contract by conduct.
- § 440.2209. Modification; rescission; waiver, retraction.
- § 440.2210. Delegation of performance; assignment of rights.
- § 440.2301. Obligations of seller and buyer.
- § 440.2302. Unconscionable contract or clause.
- § 440.2303. Allocation or division of risk or burden.
- § 440.2304. Price; payment in money, goods, realty, or otherwise.
- § 440.2305. Open price term; fixed price.
- § 440.2306. Output of seller; requirement of buyer; exclusive dealing.
- § 440.2307. Delivery in single lot or several lots; payment.
- § 440.2308. Place for delivery of goods and documents of title.
- § 440.2309. Time of performance; contract termination.
- § 440.2310. Open time and place for payment or running of credit; shipment under reservation; inspection.
- § 440.2311. Specification of performance; assortment and shipment of goods; remedies.
- § 440.2312. Warranties of title; freedom from liens.
- § 440.2313. Creation of express warranties by seller.
- § 440.2313b. Express warranty; extension; merchant or warrantor to give purchaser writing stating time period.
- § 440.2314. Implied warranty; merchantability, course of dealing, usage of trade.
- § 440.2315. Implied warranty; fitness for particular purpose.
- § 440.2316. Words or conduct relevant to creation of express warranty and tending to negate or limit warranty; construction; excluding or modifying implied warranty of merchantability and implied warranty of fitness; language; example; limiting remedies for breach of warranty.
- § 440.2317. Warranties; cumulation and conflict.
- § 440.2318. Warranties; third party beneficiaries.
- § 440.2319. F.O.B. and F.A.S. terms.
- § 440.2320. C.I.F. and C. & F. terms.
- § 440.2321. C.I.F. and C. & F. terms, net landed weights, delivered weights, out turn; warranty of condition on arrival, inspection before payment.
- § 440.2322. Delivery exship.
- § 440.2323. Overseas shipment; bill of lading, form.
- § 440.2324. No arrival, no sale terms.
- § 440.2325. Letter of credit or banker's credit; confirmed credit; definitions.
- § 440.2326. Transaction as “sale on approval” or “sale or return” if delivered goods returnable by buyer; claims of creditors; effect of “or return” term of contract for sale; work of fine art not subject to claims of art dealer's creditors; “art dealer,”“commission,” and “fine art” defined.
- § 440.2327. Sale on approval; sale or return; special incidents.
- § 440.2328. Sale by auction; sale with reserve; forced sale.
- § 440.2401. Passing of title; reservation for security; limited application of section; rejection; revesting.
- § 440.2402. Rights of seller's creditors against sold goods.
- § 440.2403. Purchasers and transferees; title, rights, and powers to transfer goods; entrusting.
- § 440.2501. Special property and insurable interest in goods; identification of goods.
- § 440.2502. Special property and insurable interest in goods.
- § 440.2503. Tender of delivery by seller; shipment; destination; goods in possession of bailee; documents.
- § 440.2504. Delivery by shipment; contract with carrier, documents, notice.
- § 440.2505. Shipment with and without reservation by seller.
- § 440.2506. Financing agency; rights; reimbursement.
- § 440.2507. Tender of delivery; conditions, payment.
- § 440.2508. Improper delivery; cure, replacement.
- § 440.2509. Risk of loss; absence of breach.
- § 440.2510. Risk of loss; effect of breach.
- § 440.2511. Payment by buyer; tender, check.
- § 440.2512. Payment by buyer; inspection, nonconforming goods.
- § 440.2513. Inspection by buyer; time, expenses, place, method.
- § 440.2514. Documents; delivery to drawee on acceptance or payment.
- § 440.2515. Adjustment of dispute; preservation of evidence, inspection.
- § 440.2601. Improper delivery; buyer's rights.
- § 440.2602. Rejection of goods.
- § 440.2603. Rejection of goods; merchant buyer's duties.
- § 440.2604. Rejection of goods; buyer's options.
- § 440.2605. Rejection of goods; failure of buyer to particularize defect.
- § 440.2606. Acceptance of goods; occurrence.
- § 440.2607. Acceptance of goods; effect; notice of breach; burden of establishing breach; notice of claim or litigation to person answerable.
- § 440.2608. Acceptance of goods; revocation, time, notice, effect.
- § 440.2609. Contract for sale; performance; insecurity, demand, assurance of due performance.
- § 440.2610. Anticipatory repudiation.
- § 440.2611. Anticipatory repudiation; retraction.
- § 440.2612. Installment contract; breach.
- § 440.2613. Casualty to identified goods; total loss; partial loss, option of buyer.
- § 440.2614. Substituted performance; acceptance, payment.
- § 440.2615. Failure of presupposed conditions; nondelivery, partial delivery, excuse.
- § 440.2616. Procedure on notice claiming excuse.
- § 440.2701. Collateral or ancillary contracts; remedies for breach.
- § 440.2702. Insolvency of buyer; remedies of seller.
- § 440.2703. Buyer's wrongful rejection, revocation of acceptance, or nonpayment; remedies of seller.
- § 440.2704. Buyer's wrongful rejection, revocation of acceptance, or nonpayment; identification of goods; resale; salvage.
- § 440.2705. Stoppage of delivery in transit or otherwise; conditions; notice to bailee.
- § 440.2706. Buyer's wrongful rejection, revocation of acceptance, or nonpayment; resale by seller; recovery of loss; notice to buyer; profit.
- § 440.2707. Person in the position of a seller.
- § 440.2708. Nonacceptance or repudiation; seller's damages.
- § 440.2709. Nonpayment; action for price, damages.
- § 440.2710. Seller's incidental damages.
- § 440.2711. Nondelivery, repudiation, rejection, or revocation of acceptance; buyer's remedies; security interest in goods.
- § 440.2712. Cover; procurement of substitute goods; buyer's damages.
- § 440.2713. Nondelivery or repudiation; buyer's damages.
- § 440.2714. Accepted goods; buyer's damages for breach.
- § 440.2715. Buyer's incidental and consequential damages.
- § 440.2716. Specific performance; replevin; claim and delivery.
- § 440.2717. Deduction of damages from price; notice.
- § 440.2718. Liquidation and limitation of damages; restitution to buyers.
- § 440.2719. Contractual modification or limitation of remedies.
- § 440.2720. Cancellation, rescission, antecedent breach.
- § 440.2721. Remedies for misrepresentation or fraud.
- § 440.2722. Right of action against third party for injury to goods.
- § 440.2723. Evidence of market price; time, place, surprise.
- § 440.2724. Evidence of market price; market quotations, admissibility.
- § 440.2725. Statute of limitations in contracts for sale; contractual reduction.
- § 440.2801. Short title.
- § 440.2802. Applicability of article.
- § 440.2803. Definitions; sections; principles of construction and interpretation.
- § 440.2804. Lease requirements; compliance with applicable statutes; effect of noncompliance with applicable statute.
- § 440.2805. Certificate of title statute; compliance; applicable law.
- § 440.2806. Choice of law; judicial forum.
- § 440.2807. Discharge of claim or right without consideration.
- § 440.2808. Unconscionable contract, clause, or conduct.
- § 440.2809. Power to accelerate payment or performance or require collateral; good faith.
- § 440.2810. Motor vehicle or trailer; transaction creating sale or security interest.
- § 440.2851. Lease contract; enforcement by action or defense; conditions; sufficiency of description or writing; determination of term.
- § 440.2852. Final written expression; parol or extrinsic evidence.
- § 440.2853. Effect of seal affixed to writing.
- § 440.2854. Lease contract; sufficiency to show agreement; conduct; open terms.
- § 440.2855. Firm offer; assurances to hold offer open.
- § 440.2856. Offer to make lease contract; manner of acceptance; lapse.
- § 440.2858. Lease agreement; modification or rescission; waiver; retraction.
- § 440.2859. Supply contract; extension of benefits of supplier promises and of warranties to lessee; limitations; effect of modification or rescission; retention of rights.
- § 440.2860. Express warranties; creation.
- § 440.2861. Warranty against claim or interest in goods; claim by way of infringement; specifications furnished by lessee.
- § 440.2862. Implied warranty of merchantability; other implied warranties.
- § 440.2863. Implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose.
- § 440.2864. Limiting, negating, excluding, or modifying warranties; construction of words or conduct.
- § 440.2865. Inconsistent warranties; intent; rules of construction.
- § 440.2866. Warranty; extension to persons in family, household, or to guest; exclusion, modification, or limitation.
- § 440.2867. Lease contract; identification of goods; absence of explicit agreement.
- § 440.2868. Lease contract; insurable interest in goods.
- § 440.2869. Risk of loss; passage to lessee.
- § 440.2870. Risk of loss; repudiation; default.
- § 440.2871. Casualty to identified goods before delivery or risk of loss passes.
- § 440.2901. Lease contract; enforcement.
- § 440.2902. Applicability of article; title or possession.
- § 440.2903. Security interest; creation; transfer; limitations; rights and remedies; delegation of duties or performance; liability; prohibition.
- § 440.2904. Transfer from lessor to subsequent lessee; power; obtaining rights in ordinary course of business; entrustment; certificate of title.
- § 440.2905. Transfer from lessee to buyer or sublessee; power; rights; buyer in ordinary course of business; entrustment; certificate of title.
- § 440.2906. Materials or services provided with respect to goods subject to lease contract; lien; priority; exception.
- § 440.2907. Creditor of lessee; rights; taking leasehold interest subject to security interest.
- § 440.2908. Creditor of lessor or seller; lease or sale contract treated as void; fraudulent retention or possession of goods; security for preexisting claim.
- § 440.2909. Definitions; lease of fixtures; priority of security interests; right to remove goods; reimbursement; perfection by filing financing statement as fixture filing.
- § 440.2910. Goods as accessions; priority of interests; right to remove goods; reimbursement.
- § 440.2911. Subordination by agreement.
- § 440.2931. Lease contract; demanding adequate assurance of due performance; repudiation; determination of adequacy; acceptance of nonconforming delivery or payment.
- § 440.2932. Repudiation of lease contract.
- § 440.2933. Retraction of repudiation.
- § 440.2934. Substituted performance; tender and acceptance; failure of payment due to government regulation.
- § 440.2935. Substituted performance; delay or nondelivery; allocating production and deliveries; notification.
- § 440.2936. Notification by lessor of delay or allocation; rights of lessee; lapse of lease contract.
- § 440.2937. Finance lease other than consumer lease; effect of lessee's promises; acceptance of goods by lessee; enforcement; validity.
- § 440.2951. Default; rights and remedies; self-help; enforcement covering real property and goods.
- § 440.2952. Notice of default or enforcement.
- § 440.2953. Default; rights and remedies provided in lease agreement; optional remedies; liquidation, limitation, alteration or exclusion of consequential damages; collateral or ancillary obligations and promises.
- § 440.2954. Liquidation of damages; reasonableness; restitution; setoff.
- § 440.2955. Cancellation or termination of lease contract; discharge of executory obligations; material misrepresentation or fraud; rescission, rejection, or return of goods as bar to rights or remedies.
- § 440.2956. Default; commencement and accrual of action; effect of termination; applicability of section to tolling of statute of limitations or causes of action accrued before effective date of article.
- § 440.2957. Damages based on market rent.
- § 440.2958. Default by lessor; rights and remedies; breach of warranty; security interest for rent, security, and expenses; deduction of damages from rent due.
- § 440.2959. Failure of goods or tender or delivery to conform to lease contract; rights of lessee; effectiveness of rejection of goods.
- § 440.2960. Installment lease contract; rejecting nonconforming delivery; conditions requiring acceptance; reinstatement of lease contract.
- § 440.2961. Rejection of goods in merchant lessee's possession or control; duties of merchant lessee; right to reimbursement; good faith conduct; purchaser in good faith.
- § 440.2962. Rejection of goods in lessee's possession; rights and obligations of lessee.
- § 440.2963. Rejection of goods before expiration of time for performance; rights of lessor or supplier.
- § 440.2964. Rejection of goods; failure of lessee to state particular defect or reserve rights when paying consideration against documents; effect.
- § 440.2965. Acceptance of goods; opportunity to inspect; conduct; accepting part of unit.
- § 440.2966. Acceptance of goods; rent; revocation prohibited; exception; acceptance of tender; effect of suit against lessee for breach of warranty or other obligation; infringement.
- § 440.2967. Revoking acceptance of nonconforming lot or commercial unit; conditions; notification; rights and duties of lessee.
- § 440.2968. Default by lessor; cover; damages.
- § 440.2969. Nondelivery or repudiation by lessor; rejection or revocation of acceptance by lessee; damages; measure of damages for market rent, nonconforming tender or delivery, or breach of warranty.
- § 440.2970. Default by lessor; incidental and consequential damages.
- § 440.2971. Specific performance.
- § 440.2972. Insolvency of lessor; recovery of conforming goods after receipt of first installment of rent and security.
- § 440.2973. Wrongful rejection or revocation; failure to make payment; repudiation; default; rights of lessor; damages; cancellation of lease.
- § 440.2974. Additional rights of lessor aggrieved under MCL 440.2973(1).
- § 440.2975. Insolvency of lessee; refusal to deliver goods; possession, availability, or disposition of goods; proceeding without judicial process.
- § 440.2976. Insolvency of lessee; stopping delivery of goods in possession of bailee; conditions; notification; liability for charges or damages; obligation of carrier.
- § 440.2977. Default; disposition of goods; damages based on new lease agreement; rights of subsequent good faith buyer or lessee; accounting for profit.
- § 440.2978. Retention or disposition of goods by lessor; damages.
- § 440.2979. Default by lessee; damages; holding identified goods for remaining lease term; disposition of goods by lessor; use and possession of goods by lessee; rent.
- § 440.2980. Incidental damages.
- § 440.2981. Third party causing injury.
- § 440.2982. Additional damages.
- § 440.3101. Short title; article.
- § 440.3102. Scope; limitations; conflict of laws.
- § 440.3103. Definitions; principles of construction.
- § 440.3104. Additional definitions.
- § 440.3105. “Issue” and “issuer” defined; effect of unissued or conditionally issued instrument.
- § 440.3106. Unconditional status of promise or order.
- § 440.3107. Payment in foreign money.
- § 440.3108. Instrument payable on demand, at definite time, or at fixed date.
- § 440.3109. Promise or order; payable on demand; payable at definite time; instrument payable at fixed date.
- § 440.3110. Determination of person payable; intent; signature by automated means; determining holder; instrument payable to 2 or more persons.
- § 440.3111. Place of payment.
- § 440.3112. Interest.
- § 440.3113. Instrument antedated, postdated, or undated.
- § 440.3114. Instrument; contradictory terms.
- § 440.3115. Incomplete instrument; definition; enforcement; alteration; burden.
- § 440.3116. Joint and several liability.
- § 440.3117. Obligation modified, supplemented, or nullified by separate agreement.
- § 440.3118. Action to enforce obligation; commencement; time period; other actions.
- § 440.3119. Notice of litigation to answerable third party.
- § 440.3201. Negotiation; definition; transfer of possession.
- § 440.3202. Negotiation; effective although subject to rescission or other remedies.
- § 440.3203. Transfer of instrument; delivery; rights of transferee; effect of transfer of less than entire instrument.
- § 440.3204. “Endorsement” and “endorser” defined; transfer of security interest effective as unqualified endorsement; instrument payable to name other than holder.
- § 440.3205. Special endorsement; blank endorsement; conversion; “anomalous endorsement” defined.
- § 440.3206. Endorsement; limitation; condition; words indicating collection by bank; endorsee as agent, trustee, or other fiduciary; purchaser as holder in due course; exception; defense.
- § 440.3207. Instrument; reacquisition.
- § 440.3301. Instrument; person entitled to enforce.
- § 440.3302. Holder in due course; notice of discharge as effective against holder; rights of holder; time and manner of notice; section subject to law limiting status.
- § 440.3303. Instrument issued or transferred for value; consideration.
- § 440.3304. Instruments payable on demand or payable at definite time as overdue; conditions.
- § 440.3305. Right to enforce obligation; defenses or claims available; statement; section subject to other law.
- § 440.3306. Instrument; person subject to claim of property or possessory right.
- § 440.3307. Fiduciary duty; breach.
- § 440.3308. Establishing validity of signature; burden; right to payment subject to defense or claim in recoupment; holder in due course not subject to defense or claim.
- § 440.3309. Enforcement of instrument in which loss of possession occurred.
- § 440.3310. Certified check, cashier's check, or teller's check; discharge; note or uncertified check; suspension of obligation; other instruments.
- § 440.3311. Discharge; tender as full satisfaction of claim.
- § 440.3312. Definitions; asserting claim to amount of check by communication to obligated bank; delivery of declaration of loss; claim asserted in compliance with subsection (2); duties of claimant if presentment by holder in due course; rights of claimant with respect to check.
- § 440.3401. Liability; signature.
- § 440.3402. Liability of parties; signature by authorized representative.
- § 440.3403. Unauthorized signature; effect.
- § 440.3404. Imposter; inducing issuance of instrument; endorsement in name of payee; failure to exercise ordinary care.
- § 440.3405. Definitions; fraudulent endorsement by employee or person acting in concert with employee.
- § 440.3406. Failure to exercise ordinary care contributing to alteration or forged instrument; allocation of loss; burden of proof.
- § 440.3407. Alteration; definition; discharge of party affected; enforcement of rights.
- § 440.3408. Check or draft; operation as assignment.
- § 440.3409. Acceptance of draft; definition; operation; “certified check” defined; refusal to certify.
- § 440.3410. Acceptance varying from terms of draft.
- § 440.3411. Obligated bank; definition; refusal to pay check; expenses or damages not recoverable.
- § 440.3412. Note, cashier's check, or other draft; obligation of issuer to pay according to terms.
- § 440.3413. Draft; obligation to pay according to terms; amount.
- § 440.3414. Applicability of section; unaccepted draft; dishonor; payment according to terms; acceptance by bank; discharge of drawer; obligation of drawer if acceptor not bank and draft dishonored; disclaimer of liability; suspension of payments after expiration of 30-day period.
- § 440.3415. Dishonored instrument; obligation and liability of endorser.
- § 440.3416. Transfer of instrument for consideration; endorsement; warranties.
- § 440.3417. Presentment of unaccepted or dishonored draft; rights of parties.
- § 440.3418. Payment or acceptance by mistake.
- § 440.3419. Accommodation parties.
- § 440.3420. Conversion.
- § 440.3501. Presentment; definition; manner; rights of party to whom presentment is made.
- § 440.3502. Notes and drafts; dishonor.
- § 440.3503. Notice of dishonor; manner; sufficiency; time periods.
- § 440.3504. Presentment, notice of dishonor, or delay in giving notice of dishonor; conditions for excuse.
- § 440.3505. Admissible evidence creating presumption of dishonor; protest.
- § 440.3601. Discharge; effect against holder in due course.
- § 440.3602. Discharge; payment; "signed" defined.
- § 440.3603. Tender of payment; effect; refusal of tender as discharge; interest; obligor ready and able to pay on due date.
- § 440.3604. Discharge by intentional voluntary act; canceling or striking out endorsement; "signed" defined.
- § 440.3605. Secondary obligor; rights and duties; agreement to modification or to extend time when payments are due; obligation secured by interest in collateral; discharge; impairing value of interest in collateral; knowledge of accommodation; consent or waiver of discharge; release or extension; burden of persuasion; presumption.
- § 440.4101. Uniform commercial code—bank deposits and collections; short title.
- § 440.4102. Conflict of laws; provisions applicable.
- § 440.4103. Variation by agreement; measure of damages; action constituting ordinary care.
- § 440.4104. Definitions used in article.
- § 440.4105. Additional definitions.
- § 440.4106. “Payable through” and “payable at” explained; bank as collecting bank.
- § 440.4107. Bank branch or separate office as separate bank.
- § 440.4108. Time of receipt of items.
- § 440.4109. Collecting bank; waiving, modifying, or extending time limits; excuse for delay.
- § 440.4110. “Agreement for electronic presentment” defined; presentment notice.
- § 440.4111. Commencement of action under article; time period.
- § 440.4201. Agency status of banks; provisional status of credits; applicability of article; endorsement with pay any bank.
- § 440.4202. Collecting bank; duties; exercising ordinary care; liability.
- § 440.4203. Collecting bank; instructions from transferor.
- § 440.4204. Collecting bank; methods of sending items; presentment.
- § 440.4205. Depositary bank; item delivered by customer for collection.
- § 440.4206. Transfer between banks.
- § 440.4207. Warranties of customer and collecting bank on transfer of items; accrual of cause of action.
- § 440.4208. Presentment of unaccepted or dishonored draft; warranties of person obtaining payment and prior transferor; discharge; accrual of cause of action.
- § 440.4209. Electronic presentment; encoding of information and retaining items; warranties; recovery of damages, expenses, and loss of interest.
- § 440.4210. Security interest of collecting bank in items, accompanying documents, or proceeds.
- § 440.4211. Bank with security interest as holder in due course.
- § 440.4212. Presentment by notice of item not payable by, through, or at a bank; treating item as dishonored.
- § 440.4213. Settlement; medium and time.
- § 440.4214. Right to charge-back or refund.
- § 440.4215. Final payment of items by payor bank; final credit; availability of credit for withdrawal.