North Dakota Code — 9
Browse 202 sections in division 9 of the North Dakota code. Each section page includes the full statutory text, official source links, and citation guidance.
Sections (showing up to 300)
- § 9-01-01. Definitions
- § 9-01-02. Requisites of contract
- § 9-01-03. Executed and executory contracts defined
- § 9-01-04. Joint and several contracts
- § 9-01-05. Origin and enforcement of obligations
- § 9-01-06. Obligations classified
- § 9-01-07. Joint obligation - Presumption
- § 9-01-08. Joint obligation - Contribution
- § 9-01-09. Conditional obligation defined
- § 9-01-10. Conditions of obligation - Classification
- § 9-01-11. Condition precedent defined
- § 9-01-12. Conditions concurrent defined
- § 9-01-13. Condition subsequent defined
- § 9-01-14. Conditions unlawful or impossible
- § 9-01-15. Forfeiture - Interpretation
- § 9-01-16. Enforcement of obligations - Prerequisites
- § 9-01-17. Option to perform alternative acts
- § 9-01-18. Option - Limitation of time for performance
- § 9-01-19. Option - Selection in entirety
- § 9-01-20. Option - Valid act prevails
- § 9-01-21. Property service contracts - Exemption
- § 9-01-22. Wind option agreement - Definition - Termination
- § 9-02-01. Persons capable of contracting
- § 9-02-02. Minors and persons of unsound mind
- § 9-02-03. Identity of parties essential to validity
- § 9-02-04. Third-party beneficiary may enforce contract
- § 9-03-01. Requisites of consent
- § 9-03-02. Absence of free consent - Effect
- § 9-03-03. What renders apparent consent not free
- § 9-03-04. When consent deemed voidable
- § 9-03-05. Duress defined
- § 9-03-06. Menace defined
- § 9-03-07. Fraud classified
- § 9-03-08. Actual fraud defined
- § 9-03-09. Constructive fraud defined
- § 9-03-10. Actual fraud is question of fact
- § 9-03-11. Undue influence defined
- § 9-03-12. Mistake classified
- § 9-03-13. Mistake of fact defined
- § 9-03-14. Mistake of law defined
- § 9-03-15. Mistake of foreign laws
- § 9-03-16. Mutual consent defined
- § 9-03-17. Communication of consent
- § 9-03-18. Mode of communication of acceptance
- § 9-03-19. When consent communicated
- § 9-03-20. Acts constituting acceptance
- § 9-03-21. Acceptance must be absolute
- § 9-03-22. When proposal revocable
- § 9-03-23. How proposal may be revoked
- § 9-03-24. Ratification as consent
- § 9-03-25. Acceptance of benefit equivalent to consent
- § 9-04-01. Definition
- § 9-04-02. Requisites of object
- § 9-04-03. Unlawful, impossible, or unascertainable object voids contract
- § 9-04-04. Several objects, part unlawful, contract void
- § 9-05-01. Good consideration defined
- § 9-05-02. When legal or moral obligation good consideration
- § 9-05-03. Lawful consideration required
- § 9-05-04. Contract void when consideration unlawful
- § 9-05-05. Consideration executed or executory
- § 9-05-06. Executory consideration - Method of ascertaining
- § 9-05-07. Consideration undetermined - Method of ascertaining
- § 9-05-08. Consideration not ascertainable - Contract void
- § 9-05-09. Method of determining consideration becomes impossible - Provision void
- § 9-05-10. Written instrument - Presumption of consideration
- § 9-05-11. Burden of proving want of consideration
- § 9-06-01. Express and implied contracts defined
- § 9-06-02. What contracts may be oral
- § 9-06-03. Written contract prevented by fraud - Oral contract enforceable
- § 9-06-04. Contracts invalid unless in writing - Statute of frauds
- § 9-06-05. Contracts unenforceable unless in writing - Statute of frauds
- § 9-06-06. Auction sale - Auctioneer memorandum sufficient
- § 9-06-07. Written contract supersedes oral negotiations
- § 9-06-08. Written contract takes effect on delivery
- § 9-06-09. Law of transfers of property applies
- § 9-06-10. How seal affixed
- § 9-06-11. Seals abolished
- § 9-07-01. Public and private contracts interpreted by same rules
- § 9-07-02. Language of contract governs if clear
- § 9-07-03. Contract interpreted to give effect to mutual intention
- § 9-07-04. Intention ascertained from writing alone if possible
- § 9-07-05. Real intention to govern in cases of fraud, mistake, or accident
- § 9-07-06. Contract interpreted as a whole
- § 9-07-07. Several contracts part of one transaction interpreted together
- § 9-07-08. Contract interpreted so it may be carried into effect
- § 9-07-09. Words to be interpreted in ordinary sense
- § 9-07-10. Interpretation of technical words
- § 9-07-11. What law governs
- § 9-07-12. Contract explained by reference to circumstances
- § 9-07-13. Contract extends only to things to be covered
- § 9-07-14. Interpreted as promisor believed promisee understood it
- § 9-07-15. Clauses subordinate to general intent
- § 9-07-16. Written part of contract controls printed part
- § 9-07-17. Repugnancies reconciled with intent
- § 9-07-18. Inconsistent words rejected
- § 9-07-19. Uncertainty interpreted against party causing it - Presumption as to cause
- § 9-07-20. Stipulations necessary to make contract reasonable implied
- § 9-07-21. Things incidental to contract - When and when not implied
- § 9-07-22. Rules governing time of performance when not specified
- § 9-07-23. When time is essence of contract
- § 9-08-01. Provisions that are unlawful
- § 9-08-02. Contracts against the policy of the law
- § 9-08-02.1. Contracts against liability for errors or omissions - Void
- § 9-08-03. Penalties and penal clauses void
- § 9-08-04. Fixing damages for breach void - Exception
- § 9-08-05. Restricting enforcement of rights void
- § 9-08-06. In restraint of business void - Exceptions
- § 9-08-07. In restraint of marriage void
- § 9-08-08. Settlement of damages for personal injuries voidable
- § 9-08-09. Rescission of contract for damages for personal injuries
- § 9-09-01. Extinction of contracts
- § 9-09-02. Rescission - When permitted
- § 9-09-03. Rescission permitted notwithstanding provisions against
- § 9-09-04. Rules governing rescission
- § 9-09-05. Alteration of oral contract
- § 9-09-06. Alteration of written contract
- § 9-09-07. Destruction or cancellation by consent
- § 9-09-08. Cancellation or destruction of contract - Effect
- § 9-10-01. Injury to the property or person of another
- § 9-10-02. Deceit - Definition
- § 9-10-03. Damages for deceit
- § 9-10-04. Intent to defraud - Presumption
- § 9-10-05. Restoration of property taken without consent - Exceptions
- § 9-10-06. Willful acts and negligence - Liability
- § 9-10-07. Comparative negligence
- § 9-11-01. Transfer of rights
- § 9-11-02. Transfer by endorsement - Non-negotiable written contract
- § 9-11-03. Transfer of burden requires beneficiary's consent
- § 9-11-04. Want of performance or offer - When excused
- § 9-11-05. Benefits awarded to debtor
- § 9-11-06. Ratable proportion of benefits awarded to debtor
- § 9-11-07. Refusal before offer - Equivalent to offer and refusal - Exception
- § 9-11-08. Definitions
- § 9-11-09. Assignment of account receivable
- § 9-12-01. Extinction by full performance
- § 9-12-02. Performance of obligation to one person - Extinguishment - Exception
- § 9-12-03. Performance of obligation by one person
- § 9-12-04. Performance directed by creditor
- § 9-12-05. Partial performance - Extinction pro tanto
- § 9-12-06. Payment defined
- § 9-12-07. Performance when there are several obligations - Application
- § 9-12-08. Extinction by offer - Exception
- § 9-12-09. Offer of performance - Assent of debtor
- § 9-12-10. Offer of performance made to creditor or authorized agent
- § 9-12-11. Offer of performance - Place made
- § 9-12-12. Time for performance fixed
- § 9-12-13. Time for performance not fixed
- § 9-12-14. Offer of performance - Good faith
- § 9-12-15. Offer of performance - Free from condition
- § 9-12-16. Offer of performance - When effective
- § 9-12-17. Refusal of offer - Production unnecessary
- § 9-12-18. Offer of performance - Mode - Waiver of objections
- § 9-12-19. Offer of performance - When title passes
- § 9-12-20. Offer of performance - Definite object
- § 9-12-21. Offer of performance - Contingency
- § 9-12-22. Performance - Demand for written receipt
- § 9-12-23. Performance after due date
- § 9-12-24. Deposit extinguishes obligation
- § 9-12-25. Offer and deposit - Results
- § 9-12-26. Deposit of thing offered - How held
- § 9-12-27. Creditor as gratuitous depositary
- § 9-12-28. Deposit in special fund to extinguish lien, encumbrance, or cloud affecting or
- § 9-12-29. Claim of money by creditor - Extinguishment of lien
- § 9-13-01. Extinction of obligation by release
- § 9-13-02. Extension to known claims
- § 9-13-03. Joint debtors - Effecting release
- § 9-13-04. Accord defined
- § 9-13-05. Satisfaction defined
- § 9-13-06. Only full execution of accord extinguishes obligation
- § 9-13-07. Part performance accepted in writing extinguishes obligation
- § 9-13-08. Novation defined
- § 9-13-09. Novation - Created by contract
- § 9-13-10. How novation made
- § 9-13-11. Rescinding acceptance
- § 9-14-01. Definitions
- § 9-14-02. Notice to customers
- § 9-14-03. Right of cancellation
- § 9-14-04. Mandatory contract form
- § 9-14-05. Disclosures made prior to contract
- § 9-14-06. Financial requirements
- § 9-14-07. Restriction on use of negotiable instruments
- § 9-14-08. Records
- § 9-14-09. Remedies and enforcement
- § 9-16-01. Definitions
- § 9-16-02. Scope
- § 9-16-03. Prospective application
- § 9-16-04. Use of electronic records and electronic signatures - Variation by agreement
- § 9-16-05. Construction and application
- § 9-16-06. Legal recognition of electronic records, electronic signatures, and electronic
- § 9-16-07. Provision of information in writing - Presentation of records
- § 9-16-08. Attribution and effect of electronic record and electronic signature
- § 9-16-09. Effect of change or error
- § 9-16-10. Notarization and acknowledgment
- § 9-16-11. Retention of electronic records - Originals
- § 9-16-12. Admissibility in evidence
- § 9-16-13. Automated transactions
- § 9-16-14. Time and place of sending and receipt
- § 9-16-15. Transferable records
- § 9-16-16. Creation and retention of electronic records and conversion of written
- § 9-16-17. Acceptance and distribution of electronic records by governmental agencies
- § 9-16-18. Interoperability
- § 9-16-19. Signatures and records secured through blockchain technology - Smart