North Dakota Code — 41
Browse 519 sections in division 41 of the North Dakota code. Each section page includes the full statutory text, official source links, and citation guidance.
Sections (showing up to 300)
- § 41-01-01. (1-101) Short titles
- § 41-01-02. (1-102) Scope of chapter
- § 41-01-03. (1-103) Construction of title to promote the title's purposes and policies Applicability of supplemental principles of law
- § 41-01-04. (1-104) Construction against implied repeal
- § 41-01-05. (1-105) Severability
- § 41-01-06. (1-106) Use of singular and plural - Gender
- § 41-01-07. (1-107) Section captions
- § 41-01-08. (1-108) Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce
- § 41-01-09. (1-201) General definitions
- § 41-01-10. (1-202) Notice - Knowledge
- § 41-01-11. (1-203) Lease distinguished from security interest
- § 41-01-12. (1-204) Value
- § 41-01-13. (1-205) Reasonable time - Seasonableness
- § 41-01-14. (1-206) Presumptions
- § 41-01-15. (1-301) Territorial applicability - Parties' power to choose applicable law
- § 41-01-16. (1-302) Variation by agreement
- § 41-01-17. (1-303) Course of performance - Course of dealing - Usage of trade
- § 41-01-18. (1-304) Obligation of good faith
- § 41-01-19. (1-305) Remedies to be liberally administered
- § 41-01-20. (1-306) Waiver or renunciation of claim or right after breach
- § 41-01-21. (1-307) Prima facie evidence by third-party documents
- § 41-01-22. (1-308) Performance or acceptance under reservation of rights
- § 41-01-23. (1-309) Option to accelerate at will
- § 41-01-24. (1-310) Subordinated obligations
- § 41-02-01. (2-101) Short title
- § 41-02-02. (2-102) Scope - Certain security and other transactions excluded from this
- § 41-02-03. (2-103) Definitions and index of definitions
- § 41-02-04. (2-104) Between merchants, financing agency, and merchant defined
- § 41-02-05. (2-105) Commercial unit, goods, and lot defined - Transferability
- § 41-02-06. (2-106) Definitions
- § 41-02-07. (2-107) Goods to be severed from realty - Recording
- § 41-02-08. (2-201) Formal requirements - Statute of frauds
- § 41-02-09. (2-202) Final expression - Parol or extrinsic evidence
- § 41-02-10. (2-203) Seals inoperative
- § 41-02-11. (2-204) Formation in general
- § 41-02-12. (2-205) Firm offers
- § 41-02-13. (2-206) Offer and acceptance in formation of contract
- § 41-02-14. (2-207) Additional terms in acceptance or confirmation
- § 41-02-15. (2-208) Course of performance or practical construction
- § 41-02-16. (2-209) Modification, rescission, and waiver
- § 41-02-17. (2-210) Delegation of performance - Assignment of rights
- § 41-02-18. (2-301) General obligations of parties
- § 41-02-19. (2-302) Unconscionable contract or clause
- § 41-02-20. (2-303) Allocation or division of risks
- § 41-02-21. (2-304) Price payable in money, goods, realty, or otherwise
- § 41-02-22. (2-305) Open price term
- § 41-02-23. (2-306) Output, requirements, and exclusive dealings
- § 41-02-24. (2-307) Delivery in single lot or several lots
- § 41-02-25. (2-308) Absence of specified place for delivery
- § 41-02-26. (2-309) Absence of specific time provisions - Notice of termination
- § 41-02-27. (2-310) Open time for payment or running of credit - Authority to ship under
- § 41-02-28. (2-311) Options and cooperation respecting performance
- § 41-02-29. (2-312) Warranty of title and against infringement - Buyer's obligation
- § 41-02-30. (2-313) Express warranties by affirmation, promise, description, sample
- § 41-02-31. (2-314) Implied warranty - Merchantability - Usage of trade
- § 41-02-32. (2-315) Implied warranty - Fitness for particular purpose
- § 41-02-33. (2-316) Exclusion or modification of warranties
- § 41-02-34. (2-317) Cumulation and conflict of warranties express or implied
- § 41-02-35. (2-318) Third-party beneficiaries of warranties express or implied
- § 41-02-36. (2-319) F.O.B. and F.A.S. terms
- § 41-02-37. (2-320) C.I.F. and C. & F. terms
- § 41-02-38. (2-321) C.I.F. or C. & F. - Net landed weights - Payment on arrival - Warranty
- § 41-02-39. (2-322) Delivery ex-ship
- § 41-02-40. (2-323) Form of bill of lading required in overseas shipment - Overseas
- § 41-02-41. (2-324) No arrival, no sale term
- § 41-02-42. (2-325) Letter of credit term - Confirmed credit
- § 41-02-43. (2-326) Sale on approval and sale or return - Rights of creditors
- § 41-02-44. (2-327) Special incidents of sale on approval and sale or return
- § 41-02-45. (2-328) Sale by auction
- § 41-02-46. (2-401) Passing of title - Reservation for security - Limited application of
- § 41-02-47. (2-402) Rights of seller's creditors against sold goods
- § 41-02-48. (2-403) Power to transfer - Good-faith purchase of goods - Entrusting
- § 41-02-49. (2-501) Insurable interest in goods - Manner of identification of goods
- § 41-02-50. (2-502) Buyer's right to goods on seller's repudiation, failure to deliver, or
- § 41-02-51. (2-503) Manner of seller's tender of delivery
- § 41-02-52. (2-504) Shipment by seller
- § 41-02-53. (2-505) Seller's shipment under reservation
- § 41-02-54. (2-506) Rights of financing agency
- § 41-02-55. (2-507) Effect of seller's tender - Delivery on condition
- § 41-02-56. (2-508) Cure by seller of improper tender or delivery - Replacement
- § 41-02-57. (2-509) Risk of loss in the absence of breach
- § 41-02-58. (2-510) Effect of breach on risk of loss
- § 41-02-59. (2-511) Tender of payment by buyer - Payment by check
- § 41-02-60. (2-512) Payment by buyer before inspection
- § 41-02-61. (2-513) Buyer's right to inspection of goods
- § 41-02-62. (2-514) When documents deliverable on acceptance - When on payment
- § 41-02-63. (2-515) Preserving evidence of goods in dispute
- § 41-02-64. (2-601) Buyer's rights on improper delivery
- § 41-02-65. (2-602) Manner and effect of rightful rejection
- § 41-02-66. (2-603) Merchant buyer's duties as to rightfully rejected goods
- § 41-02-67. (2-604) Buyer's options as to salvage of rightfully rejected goods
- § 41-02-68. (2-605) Waiver of buyer's objections by failure to particularize
- § 41-02-69. (2-606) What constitutes acceptance of goods
- § 41-02-70. (2-607) Effect of acceptance - Notice of breach - Burden of establishing
- § 41-02-71. (2-608) Revocation of acceptance in whole or in part
- § 41-02-72. (2-609) Right to adequate assurance of performance
- § 41-02-73. (2-610) Anticipatory repudiation
- § 41-02-74. (2-611) Retraction of anticipatory repudiation
- § 41-02-75. (2-612) Installment contract - Breach
- § 41-02-76. (2-613) Casualty to identified goods
- § 41-02-77. (2-614) Substituted performance
- § 41-02-78. (2-615) Excuse by failure of presupposed conditions
- § 41-02-79. (2-616) Procedure on notice claiming excuse
- § 41-02-80. (2-701) Remedies for breach of collateral contracts not impaired
- § 41-02-81. (2-702) Seller's remedies on discovery of buyer's insolvency
- § 41-02-82. (2-703) Seller's remedies in general
- § 41-02-83. (2-704) Seller's right to identify goods to the contract notwithstanding
- § 41-02-84. (2-705) Seller's stoppage of delivery in transit or otherwise
- § 41-02-85. (2-706) Seller's resale including contract for resale
- § 41-02-86. (2-707) Person in the position of a seller
- § 41-02-87. (2-708) Seller's damages for nonacceptance or repudiation
- § 41-02-88. (2-709) Action for the price
- § 41-02-89. (2-710) Seller's incidental damages
- § 41-02-90. (2-711) Buyer's remedies in general - Buyer's security interest in rejected
- § 41-02-91. (2-712) Cover - Buyer's procurement of substitute goods
- § 41-02-92. (2-713) Buyer's damages for nondelivery or repudiation
- § 41-02-93. (2-714) Buyer's damages for breach in regard to accepted goods
- § 41-02-94. (2-715) Buyer's incidental and consequential damages
- § 41-02-95. (2-716) Buyer's right to specific performance or replevin
- § 41-02-96. (2-717) Deduction of damages from the price
- § 41-02-97. (2-718) Liquidation or limitation of damages - Deposits
- § 41-02-98. (2-719) Contractual modification or limitation of remedy
- § 41-02-99. (2-720) Effect of cancellation or rescission on claims for antecedent breach
- § 41-02-100. (2-721) Remedies for fraud
- § 41-02-101. (2-722) Who can sue third parties for injury to goods
- § 41-02-102. (2-723) Proof of market price - Time and place
- § 41-02-103. (2-724) Admissibility of market quotations
- § 41-02-104. (2-725) Statute of limitations in contracts for sale
- § 41-03-01. (3-101) Short title
- § 41-03-02. (3-102) Subject matter
- § 41-03-03. (3-103) Definitions
- § 41-03-04. (3-104) Negotiable instrument
- § 41-03-05. (3-105) Issue of instrument
- § 41-03-06. (3-106) Unconditional promise or order
- § 41-03-04. If the person whose specimen signature appears on an instrument fails to
- § 41-03-07. (3-107) Instrument payable in foreign money
- § 41-03-08. (3-108) Payable on demand or at a definite time
- § 41-03-09. (3-109) Payable to bearer or to order
- § 41-03-10. (3-110) Identification of person to whom instrument is payable
- § 41-03-11. (3-111) Place of payment
- § 41-03-12. (3-112) Interest
- § 41-03-13. (3-113) Date of instrument
- § 41-03-14. (3-114) Contradictory terms of instrument
- § 41-03-15. (3-115) Incomplete instrument
- § 41-03-16. (3-116) Joint and several liability - Contribution
- § 41-03-17. (3-117) Other agreements affecting an instrument
- § 41-03-18. (3-118) Statute of limitations
- § 41-03-19. (3-119) Notice of right to defend action
- § 41-03-20. (3-201) Negotiation
- § 41-03-21. (3-202) Negotiation subject to rescission
- § 41-03-22. (3-203) Rights acquired by transfer
- § 41-03-23. (3-204) Endorsement
- § 41-03-24. (3-205) Special endorsement - Blank endorsement - Anomalous
- § 41-03-25. (3-206) Restrictive endorsement
- § 41-03-26. (3-207) Reacquisition
- § 41-03-27. (3-301) Person entitled to enforce instrument
- § 41-03-28. (3-302) Holder in due course
- § 41-03-29. (3-303) Value and consideration
- § 41-03-30. (3-304) Overdue instrument
- § 41-03-31. (3-305) Defenses and claims in recoupment
- § 41-03-32. (3-306) Claims to an instrument
- § 41-03-33. (3-307) Notice of breach of fiduciary duty
- § 41-03-34. (3-308) Proof of signatures and status as holder in due course
- § 41-03-35. (3-309) Enforcement of lost, destroyed, or stolen instrument
- § 41-03-36. (3-310) Effect of instrument on obligation for which taken
- § 41-03-37. (3-311) Accord and satisfaction by use of instrument
- § 41-03-37.1. (3-312) Lost, destroyed, or stolen cashier's check, teller's check, or
- § 41-03-38. (3-401) Signature
- § 41-03-39. (3-402) Signature by representative
- § 41-03-40. (3-403) Unauthorized signature
- § 41-03-41. (3-404) Impostors - Fictitious payees
- § 41-03-42. (3-405) Employer responsibility for fraudulent endorsement by employee
- § 41-03-43. (3-406) Negligence contributing to forged signature or alteration of
- § 41-03-44. (3-407) Alteration
- § 41-03-45. (3-408) Drawee not liable on unaccepted draft
- § 41-03-46. (3-409) Acceptance of draft - Certified check
- § 41-03-47. (3-410) Acceptance varying draft
- § 41-03-48. (3-411) Refusal to pay cashier's checks, teller's checks, and certified
- § 41-03-49. (3-412) Obligation of issuer of note or cashier's check
- § 41-03-50. (3-413) Obligation of acceptor
- § 41-03-51. (3-414) Obligation of drawer
- § 41-03-52. (3-415) Obligation of endorser
- § 41-03-53. (3-416) Transfer warranties
- § 41-03-54. (3-417) Presentment warranties
- § 41-03-55. (3-418) Payment or acceptance by mistake
- § 41-03-56. (3-419) Instruments signed for accommodation
- § 41-03-57. (3-420) Conversion of instrument
- § 41-03-58. (3-501) Presentment
- § 41-03-59. (3-502) Dishonor
- § 41-03-60. (3-503) Notice of dishonor
- § 41-03-61. (3-504) Excused presentment and notice of dishonor
- § 41-03-62. (3-505) Evidence of dishonor
- § 41-03-63. (3-601) Discharge and effect of discharge
- § 41-03-64. (3-602) Payment
- § 41-03-65. (3-603) Tender of payment
- § 41-03-66. (3-604) Discharge by cancellation or renunciation
- § 41-03-67. (3-605) Discharge of endorsers and accommodation parties
- § 41-04-01. (4-101) Short title
- § 41-04-02. (4-102) Applicability
- § 41-04-03. (4-103) Variation by agreement - Measure of damages - Action constituting
- § 41-04-04. (4-104) Definitions and index of definitions
- § 41-04-05. (4-105) Bank - Collecting bank - Depositary bank - Payor bank - Presenting
- § 41-04-06. (4-106) Payable through or payable at bank - Collecting bank
- § 41-04-07. (4-107) Separate office of bank
- § 41-04-08. (4-108) Time of receipt of items
- § 41-04-09. (4-109) Delays
- § 41-04-10. (4-110) Electronic presentment
- § 41-04-11. (4-111) Statute of limitations
- § 41-04-12. Construction of chapter - Branch banking
- § 41-04-13. (4-201) Agency status of collecting banks and provisional status of credit Applicability of chapter - Item endorsed pay any bank
- § 41-04-14. (4-202) Responsibility for collection or return - When action timely
- § 41-04-15. (4-203) Effect of instructions
- § 41-04-16. (4-204) Methods of sending and presenting - Sending directly to payor bank
- § 41-04-17. (4-205) Depositary bank holder of unendorsed item
- § 41-04-18. (4-206) Transfer between banks
- § 41-04-19. (4-207) Transfer warranties
- § 41-04-20. (4-208) Presentment warranties
- § 41-04-21. (4-209) Encoding and retention warranties
- § 41-04-22. (4-210) Security interest of collecting bank in items, accompanying
- § 41-04-23. (4-211) When bank gives value for purposes of holder in due course
- § 41-04-24. (4-212) Presentment by notice of item not payable by, through, or at bank Liability of drawer or endorser
- § 41-04-25. (4-213) Medium and time of settlement by bank
- § 41-04-26. (4-214) Right of chargeback or refund - Liability of collecting bank - Return
- § 41-04-27. (4-215) Final payment of item by payor bank - When provisional debits and
- § 41-04-28. (4-216) Insolvency and preference
- § 41-04-29. (4-301) Deferred posting - Recovery of payment by return of items - Time of
- § 41-04-30. (4-302) Payor bank's responsibility for late return of item
- § 41-04-31. (4-303) When items subject to notice, stop order, legal process, or setoff Order in which items may be charged or certified
- § 41-04-32. (4-401) When bank may charge customer's account
- § 41-04-31. If a bank charges against the account of a customer a check before the date
- § 41-04-33. (4-402) Bank's liability to customer for wrongful dishonor - Time of
- § 41-04-34. (4-403) Customer's right to stop payment - Burden of proof of loss
- § 41-04-35. (4-404) Bank not obliged to pay check more than six months old
- § 41-04-36. (4-405) Death or incompetence of customer
- § 41-04-37. (4-406) Customer's duty to discover and report unauthorized signature or
- § 41-04-38. (4-407) Payor bank's right to subrogation on improper payment
- § 41-04-39. (4-501) Handling of documentary drafts - Duty to send for presentment and
- § 41-04-40. (4-502) Presentment of on arrival drafts
- § 41-04-41. (4-503) Responsibility of presenting bank for documents and goods Report of reasons for dishonor - Referee in case of need
- § 41-04-42. (4-504) Privilege of presenting bank to deal with goods - Security interest
- § 41-05-01. (5-101) Short title
- § 41-05-02. (5-102) Definitions
- § 41-05-03. (5-103) Scope
- § 41-05-04. (5-104) Formal requirements
- § 41-05-05. (5-105) Consideration
- § 41-05-06. (5-106) Issuance - Amendment - Cancellation - Duration
- § 41-05-07. (5-107) Confirmer - Nominated person - Adviser
- § 41-05-08. (5-108) Issuer's rights and obligations
- § 41-05-09. (5-109) Fraud - Forgery
- § 41-05-10. (5-110) Warranties
- § 41-05-11. (5-111) Remedies
- § 41-05-12. (5-112) Transfer of letter of credit
- § 41-05-13. (5-113) Transfer by operation of law
- § 41-05-14. (5-114) Assignment of proceeds
- § 41-05-15. (5-115) Statute of limitations
- § 41-05-16. (5-116) Choice of law and forum
- § 41-05-17. (5-117) Subrogation of issuer, applicant, and nominated person
- § 41-05-18. (5-118) Security interest of issuer or nominated person
- § 41-07-01. (7-101) Short title
- § 41-07-02. (7-102) Definitions and index of definitions
- § 41-07-03. (7-103) Relation of chapter to treaty or statute
- § 41-07-04. (7-104) Negotiable and non-negotiable document of title
- § 41-07-05. (7-105) Reissuance in alternative medium
- § 41-07-06. (7-106) Control of electronic document of title
- § 41-07-07. (7-201) Person that may issue a warehouse receipt - Storage under bond
- § 41-07-08. (7-202) Form of warehouse receipt - Effect of omission
- § 41-07-09. (7-203) Liability for nonreceipt or misdescription
- § 41-07-10. (7-204) Duty of care - Contractual limitation of warehouse's liability
- § 41-07-11. (7-205) Title under warehouse receipt defeated in certain cases
- § 41-07-12. (7-206) Termination of storage at warehouse's option
- § 41-07-13. (7-207) Goods must be kept separate - Fungible goods
- § 41-07-14. (7-208) Altered warehouse receipts
- § 41-07-15. (7-209) Lien of warehouse
- § 41-07-16. (7-210) Enforcement of warehouse's lien
- § 41-07-17. (7-301) Liability for nonreceipt or misdescription - Said to contain Shipper's weight, load, and count - Improper handling
- § 41-07-18. (7-302) Through bills of lading and similar documents of title
- § 41-07-19. (7-303) Diversion - Reconsignment - Change of instructions
- § 41-07-20. (7-304) Tangible bills of lading in a set
- § 41-07-21. (7-305) Destination bills
- § 41-07-22. (7-306) Altered bills of lading
- § 41-07-23. (7-307) Lien of carrier
- § 41-07-24. (7-308) Enforcement of carrier's lien
- § 41-07-25. (7-309) Duty of care - Contractual limitation of carrier's liability
- § 41-07-26. (7-401) Irregularities in issue of receipt or bill or conduct of issuer
- § 41-07-27. (7-402) Duplicate document of title - Overissue
- § 41-07-28. (7-403) Obligation of bailee to deliver - Excuse
- § 41-07-29. (7-404) No liability for good-faith delivery pursuant to document of title
- § 41-07-30. (7-501) Form of negotiation and requirements of due negotiation
- § 41-07-31. (7-502) Rights acquired by due negotiation
- § 41-07-32. (7-503) Document of title to goods defeated in certain cases
- § 41-07-33. (7-504) Rights acquired in absence of due negotiation - Effect of diversion Stoppage of delivery
- § 41-07-34. (7-505) Indorser not guarantor for other parties
- § 41-07-35. (7-506) Delivery without indorsement - Right to compel indorsement
- § 41-07-36. (7-507) Warranties on negotiation or delivery of document of title
- § 41-07-37. (7-508) Warranties of collecting bank as to documents of title
- § 41-07-38. (7-509) Adequate compliance with commercial contract
- § 41-07-39. (7-601) Lost, stolen, or destroyed documents of title
- § 41-07-40. (7-602) Judicial process against goods covered by negotiable document of
- § 41-07-41. (7-603) Conflicting claims - Interpleader
- § 41-08-01. (8-101) Short title