Virginia § 59.1-601 - Enforcement; civil penalty
Full text of Virginia Code of Virginia § 59.1-601 — Enforcement; civil penalty, with citation guidance and answers to common questions.
§ 59.1-601. Enforcement; civil penalty
A. The Attorney General shall have exclusive authority to enforce the provisions of this chapter.
B. Whenever the Attorney General has reasonable cause to believe that any person has engaged in, is engaging in, or is about to engage in any violation of this chapter, the Attorney General is empowered to issue a civil investigative demand. The provisions of § 59.1-9.10 shall apply mutatis mutandis to civil investigative demands issued pursuant to this subsection.
C. Notwithstanding any contrary provision of law, the Attorney General may cause an action to be brought in the appropriate circuit court in the name of the Commonwealth to enjoin any violation of this chapter. The circuit court having jurisdiction may enjoin such violation notwithstanding the existence of an adequate remedy at law. In any action brought pursuant to this subsection, it shall not be necessary that damages be proved.
D. Any person who violates the provisions of this chapter shall be subject to a civil penalty in an amount not to exceed $1,000 plus reasonable attorney fees, expenses, and court costs, as determined by the court. Any person who willfully violates the provisions of this chapter shall be subject to a civil penalty in an amount not less than $1,000 and not more than $10,000 plus reasonable attorney fees, expenses, and court costs, as determined by the court. Such civil penalties shall be paid into the Literary Fund.
E. Each violation of this chapter shall constitute a separate violation and shall be subject to any civil penalties imposed under this section.
2023, c. 526.
Source: official Virginia text · Last verified 2026-08-27
Frequently Asked Questions About Virginia § 59.1-601
What does Code of Virginia § 59.1-601 cover?
Section 59.1-601 ("Enforcement; civil penalty") is part of the Code of Virginia, the codified statutory law of Virginia. It sets out the legal rule or procedure described in the text above. Statutes are amended regularly, so always verify against the official source.
How do I cite Virginia § 59.1-601?
A common citation format is "Code of Virginia § 59.1-601" (Virginia). Legal writing may require the code abbreviation, section number, and year or edition. Match the style required by your court, professor, or publisher.
Is this the official text of Virginia law?
No. This page is for research and education and may not include the most recent amendments. For official current law, check the Virginia official source linked on this page or consult a licensed Virginia attorney.
How does Virginia § 59.1-601 apply to my situation?
Statutes are interpreted in context, and application depends on your specific facts. Only a licensed attorney in Virginia can advise on how this section applies to you. Contact your state or local bar association for a referral.
Sources & Verification
Not legal advice. Verify against the official source and consult a licensed attorney in Virginia.