Virginia § 59.1-501.12 - Manifesting assent
Full text of Virginia Code of Virginia § 59.1-501.12 — Manifesting assent, with citation guidance and answers to common questions.
§ 59.1-501.12. Manifesting assent
(a) A person manifests assent to a record or term if the person, acting with knowledge of, or after having an opportunity to review the record or term or a copy of it:
(1) authenticates the record or term with intent to adopt or accept it; or
(2) intentionally engages in conduct or makes statements with reason to know that the other party or its electronic agent may infer from the conduct or statement that the person assents to the record or term.
(b) An electronic agent manifests assent to a record or term if, after having an opportunity to review it, the electronic agent:
(1) authenticates the record or term; or
(2) engages in operations that in the circumstances indicate acceptance of the record or term.
(c) If this chapter or other law requires assent to a specific term, a manifestation of assent must relate specifically to the term.
(d) Conduct or operations manifesting assent may be proved in any manner, including showing that a person or an electronic agent obtained or used the information or informational rights and that a procedure existed by which a person or an electronic agent must have engaged in the conduct or operations in order to do so. Proof of compliance with subsection (a) (2) is sufficient if there is conduct that assents and subsequent conduct that reaffirms assent by electronic means.
(e) The effect of provisions of this section may be modified by an agreement setting out standards applicable to future transactions between the parties.
(f) Providers of online services, network access, and telecommunications services, or the operators of facilities thereof, do not manifest assent to a contractual relationship simply by their provision of these services to other parties, including but not limited to transmission, routing, or providing connections, linking, caching, hosting, information location tools, or storage of materials at the request or initiation of a person other than the service provider.
Source: official Virginia text · Last verified 2026-08-27
Frequently Asked Questions About Virginia § 59.1-501.12
What does Code of Virginia § 59.1-501.12 cover?
Section 59.1-501.12 ("Manifesting assent") is part of the Code of Virginia, the codified statutory law of Virginia. It sets out the legal rule or procedure described in the text above. Statutes are amended regularly, so always verify against the official source.
How do I cite Virginia § 59.1-501.12?
A common citation format is "Code of Virginia § 59.1-501.12" (Virginia). Legal writing may require the code abbreviation, section number, and year or edition. Match the style required by your court, professor, or publisher.
Is this the official text of Virginia law?
No. This page is for research and education and may not include the most recent amendments. For official current law, check the Virginia official source linked on this page or consult a licensed Virginia attorney.
How does Virginia § 59.1-501.12 apply to my situation?
Statutes are interpreted in context, and application depends on your specific facts. Only a licensed attorney in Virginia can advise on how this section applies to you. Contact your state or local bar association for a referral.
Sources & Verification
Not legal advice. Verify against the official source and consult a licensed attorney in Virginia.