Virginia Code — 16.1
Browse 448 sections in division 16.1 of the Virginia code. Each section page includes the full statutory text, official source links, and citation guidance.
Sections (showing up to 300)
- § 16.1-1. Repealed
- § 16.1-36. Repealed
- § 16.1-52. Repealed
- § 16.1-64. Repealed
- § 16.1-69.1. Repealing clause
- § 16.1-69.2. Effect of repeal of Title 16 and amendment of Title 16.1
- § 16.1-69.3. Certain notices, recognizances and processes validated
- § 16.1-69.4. References to former sections, articles or chapters of Title 16 or Title 16.1 as amended
- § 16.1-69.5. Meaning of certain terms
- § 16.1-69.6. Establishment of districts
- § 16.1-69.6:1. Number of judges
- § 16.1-69.7. District courts
- § 16.1-69.7:1. Establishment of certain district courts
- § 16.1-69.8. Existing courts continued and redesignated; exception
- § 16.1-69.9. Judges in office continued; terms of judges; how elected or appointed
- § 16.1-69.9:1. Appointment, terms, etc., of substitute judges
- § 16.1-69.9:2. Vacancies in office of judges; terms of successor judges; appointment while General Assembly not in session
- § 16.1-69.9:3. Investigation and certification of necessity before vacancies filled
- § 16.1-69.9:4. Same; election of successor judges
- § 16.1-69.10. Number of judges
- § 16.1-69.11. Chief judges; judges; substitute judges
- § 16.1-69.11:1. Acting chief judge
- § 16.1-69.12. Limitations on practice of law by judges
- § 16.1-69.13. Repealed
- § 16.1-69.14. Number of substitute judges
- § 16.1-69.15. Qualifications of judges
- § 16.1-69.16. Residence requirements
- § 16.1-69.17. Oath of office of judges, clerks and others
- § 16.1-69.17:1. Time within which a judge may qualify; failure to do so vacates office
- § 16.1-69.18. Bonds of judges, clerks, and others handling funds
- § 16.1-69.19. Incompatible offices
- § 16.1-69.20. Repealed
- § 16.1-69.21. When substitute to serve; his powers and duties
- § 16.1-69.22. Removal of judges and substitute judges
- § 16.1-69.22:1. Temporary recall of retired district court judges; evaluation
- § 16.1-69.23. In what cases judge disqualified
- § 16.1-69.24. Contempt of court
- § 16.1-69.25. Judge may issue warrants, summons, and subpoenas
- § 16.1-69.25:1. Judge shall order bill of particulars; time for motion
- § 16.1-69.26. Judges as conservators of the peace
- § 16.1-69.27. Additional powers of judges
- § 16.1-69.28. Commitment of insane, etc., persons
- § 16.1-69.29. Jurisdiction over certain waters
- § 16.1-69.29:1. Certain information to be made available to certain defendants found not guilty
- § 16.1-69.30. District system within unified court system
- § 16.1-69.31. The duties of the Judicial Council
- § 16.1-69.32. Rules
- § 16.1-69.32:1. Substitution of counsel
- § 16.1-69.33. Committee on District Courts
- § 16.1-69.34. Reserved
- § 16.1-69.35. Administrative duties of chief district judge
- § 16.1-69.35:01. Location of district courts for Albemarle County
- § 16.1-69.35:1. Location of district courts for Carroll County
- § 16.1-69.35:2. Recording of proceedings in district courts
- § 16.1-69.35:3. (Expires pursuant to Acts 2025, c. 292, cl. 2) Twelfth Judicial District; chief judges; designation of cases to be heard in Colonial Heights.
- § 16.1-69.36. Where process returnable and trials held in certain cases
- § 16.1-69.37. Personnel continued in office
- § 16.1-69.38. Authorization for substitute judges and personnel
- § 16.1-69.39. Appointment of personnel
- § 16.1-69.39:1. Legal service to district court employees and magistrates
- § 16.1-69.40. Powers and duties of clerks; civil liability
- § 16.1-69.40:1. Traffic infractions within authority of traffic violations clerk; schedule of fines; prepayment of local ordinances
- § 16.1-69.40:2. Nontraffic offenses for which prepayment authorized; schedules, fines; prepayment of local ordinances
- § 16.1-69.40:3. Financial responsibilities of judges and clerks
- § 16.1-69.41. Repealed
- § 16.1-69.42. Clerk when authorized by judge may execute appeal bonds; may make out and attest transcripts
- § 16.1-69.43. Judge before whom accused was arraigned may hear case on merits; judge who has heard part of case may hear case to conclusion
- § 16.1-69.44. Salaries of judges
- § 16.1-69.45. Salaries of clerks and personnel
- § 16.1-69.46. How salaries payable
- § 16.1-69.47. Repealed
- § 16.1-69.47:1. Travel expenses of judges and clerks; how paid
- § 16.1-69.48. Fees and fines
- § 16.1-69.48:1. Fixed fee for misdemeanors, traffic infractions and other violations in district court; additional fees to be added
- § 16.1-69.48:1.01. Additional fee assessed for conviction of certain offenses
- § 16.1-69.48:1.02. Additional fee assessed for conviction requiring computer analysis
- § 16.1-69.48:2. Fees for services of district court judges and clerks and magistrates in civil cases
- § 16.1-69.48:3. Fees charged to drug offenders
- § 16.1-69.48:4. Costs generally
- § 16.1-69.48:5. Fees for services of juvenile and domestic relations district court judges and clerks in certain civil cases
- § 16.1-69.48:6. Fees for offenses related to sex trafficking
- § 16.1-69.49. Repealed
- § 16.1-69.50. Quarters for court and clerk
- § 16.1-69.51. Books, supplies, etc.; how furnished; Committee to determine form of records
- § 16.1-69.51:1. Display of flags in courtrooms
- § 16.1-69.52. Repealed
- § 16.1-69.53. Definitions; construction of references to period of years
- § 16.1-69.54. General provisions
- § 16.1-69.54:1. Request for district court records
- § 16.1-69.55. Retention of case records; limitations on enforcement of judgments; extensions
- § 16.1-69.56. Retention of financial and administrative records
- § 16.1-69.57. Destruction of court records
- § 16.1-69.58. Processing, retention and reproduction of court records; retention and destruction of records in which final disposition was entered before January 1, 1985
- § 16.1-70. Repealed
- § 16.1-75.1. Repealed
- § 16.1-76. Venue
- § 16.1-77. Civil jurisdiction of general district courts; amending amount of claim
- § 16.1-77.1. When general district court may give judgment on forthcoming bond
- § 16.1-77.2. Jurisdiction of partition of personal property and proceedings therefor
- § 16.1-78. Judgment by confession not affected
- § 16.1-79. Actions brought on warrant
- § 16.1-79.1. Electronic filing of civil cases
- § 16.1-80. Service of warrant and return thereof
- § 16.1-81. Actions brought by motion for judgment
- § 16.1-81.1. Certain corporations; pro se representation
- § 16.1-82. Service of motion; return thereon and delivery to the court; how disposed of
- § 16.1-83. Consent of parties required for trial within five days of service
- § 16.1-83.1. Certification of expert witness opinion at time of service of process
- § 16.1-84. When action or proceeding not lost; when matured for hearing
- § 16.1-85. What term "warrant" to include
- § 16.1-86. When action deemed brought
- § 16.1-86.1. Repealed
- § 16.1-87. Repealed
- § 16.1-88. Procedure when plaintiff sues on sworn claim
- § 16.1-88.01. Counterclaims
- § 16.1-88.02. Cross-claims
- § 16.1-88.03. Pleadings and other papers by certain parties not represented by attorneys
- § 16.1-88.1. Repealed
- § 16.1-88.2. Evidence of medical reports, statements, or records; testimony of health care provider or custodian of records
- § 16.1-89. Subpoena duces tecum; attorney-issued subpoena duces tecum
- § 16.1-90. Recognizance upon continuation of case
- § 16.1-91. Repealed
- § 16.1-91.1. Costs to be included in judgment on forthcoming bond
- § 16.1-91.2. Judge to keep record of judgment on forthcoming bond; how to endorse execution
- § 16.1-92. Repealed
- § 16.1-93. Principles applicable to trial of cases
- § 16.1-93.1. Use of telephonic communication systems or electronic video and audio communication systems to conduct hearing
- § 16.1-94. Judgment to be noted on papers; formal orders may be entered
- § 16.1-94.01. When and how satisfaction entered on judgment
- § 16.1-94.1. Limitations on enforcement of district court judgments
- § 16.1-95. Abstract of judgment
- § 16.1-96. What abstract to contain
- § 16.1-97. Repealed
- § 16.1-97.1. When a new trial is granted
- § 16.1-98. Fieri facias or writ of possession on judgment
- § 16.1-99. When and where executions returnable; to whom directed
- § 16.1-100. Additional executions; by whom issued
- § 16.1-101. Proceedings against officer failing to make or making improper return
- § 16.1-102. Officers and sureties liable for money collected after return day
- § 16.1-103. Proceedings by interrogatories
- § 16.1-104. Repealed
- § 16.1-105. Attachments
- § 16.1-106. Appeals from courts not of record in civil cases
- § 16.1-106.1. Withdrawal of appeal in civil cases
- § 16.1-107. Requirements for appeal
- § 16.1-108. Deposit of money in lieu of bond
- § 16.1-109. Appellate court may require new or additional security
- § 16.1-110. Bankruptcy of appellant does not release surety
- § 16.1-111. Court to which appeal sent
- § 16.1-112. All papers transmitted to appellate court; further proceedings
- § 16.1-113. How appeals tried
- § 16.1-114. Repealed
- § 16.1-114.1. Principles applicable in trial of appeals; defective or irregular warrants or motions
- § 16.1-115. Repealed
- § 16.1-116. Issuance of executions and abstracts and proceedings by interrogatories after papers returned to circuit court
- § 16.1-117. When papers in civil cases in certain municipal courts may be destroyed
- § 16.1-118. When papers in civil cases returned to courts of record may be destroyed
- § 16.1-118.1. Destruction of papers in civil cases in certain district courts
- § 16.1-119. Proceedings to try title to property levied on under distress or execution
- § 16.1-120. Summons in such case
- § 16.1-121. Order after hearing
- § 16.1-122. Appeal
- § 16.1-122.1. Small claims court; designated
- § 16.1-122.2. Jurisdiction
- § 16.1-122.3. Actions; how commenced; notice; continuances; pleadings
- § 16.1-122.4. Representation and removal; rights of parties
- § 16.1-122.5. Informal hearings; rules of evidence suspended
- § 16.1-122.6. Judgment and collection
- § 16.1-122.7. Appeals
- § 16.1-123. Repealed
- § 16.1-123.1. Criminal and traffic jurisdiction of general district courts
- § 16.1-124. Repealed
- § 16.1-126. Certain courts of record may try misdemeanors; procedure
- § 16.1-127. Courts may conduct preliminary examinations
- § 16.1-128. Exception when jurisdiction in State Corporation Commission
- § 16.1-129. Offenses tried on warrants, or as provided in Chapter 7 of Title 19.2
- § 16.1-129.1. Repealed
- § 16.1-129.2. Procedure when warrant defective
- § 16.1-129.3. Repealed
- § 16.1-130. Repealed
- § 16.1-131. Subpoenas duces tecum and recognizances of witnesses; applicable provisions
- § 16.1-131.1. Procedure when constitutionality of a statute is challenged in a court not of record
- § 16.1-132. Right of appeal
- § 16.1-133. Withdrawal of appeal
- § 16.1-133.1. Reopening case after conviction
- § 16.1-134. Appeal by Commonwealth in revenue cases
- § 16.1-135. Bail and recognizance; papers filed with circuit court
- § 16.1-136. How appeal tried
- § 16.1-137. Procedure on appeal when warrant defective
- § 16.1-138. Repealed
- § 16.1-139. Repealed
- § 16.1-217.1. Repealed
- § 16.1-218. Established; active and honorary members
- § 16.1-219. President; election of executive committee; assistance by Executive Secretary of Supreme Court
- § 16.1-220. Meetings; active members must give notice of inability to attend; special session concerning motor vehicle and traffic laws
- § 16.1-221. Members to receive actual expenses
- § 16.1-222. Established; powers of Director
- § 16.1-223. Receipt, etc., of data; forms for reports; confidentiality
- § 16.1-224. Data submissions by court service units
- § 16.1-225. Penalty for violation of confidentiality of records
- § 16.1-226. Short title
- § 16.1-227. Purpose and intent
- § 16.1-228. Definitions
- § 16.1-229. This chapter controlling in event of conflict
- § 16.1-229.1. Removal of a child; names and contact information of persons with a legitimate interest
- § 16.1-230. Organization and operation of juvenile and domestic relations district courts
- § 16.1-231. Rules of procedure
- § 16.1-232. Attorney for the Commonwealth to prosecute certain cases and represent Commonwealth on appeal
- § 16.1-233. Department to develop court services; court services units; appointment and removal of employees; salaries
- § 16.1-234. Duties of Department; provision of quarters, utilities, and office equipment to court service unit
- § 16.1-235. How probation, parole and related court services provided
- § 16.1-235.1. Provision of court services; replacement intake officers
- § 16.1-236. Supervisory officers
- § 16.1-236.1. Court services unit directors
- § 16.1-237. Powers, duties and functions of probation and parole officers
- § 16.1-238. Compensation of probation officers, court service staff members and related court service personnel; reimbursement; traveling and other expenses
- § 16.1-239. Payment of traveling expenses of court officers; reimbursement
- § 16.1-240. Citizens advisory council
- § 16.1-241. Jurisdiction; consent for abortion
- § 16.1-241.1. Repealed
- § 16.1-241.2. Proceedings against certain parents
- § 16.1-241.3. Newborn children; substance abuse
- § 16.1-242. Retention of jurisdiction
- § 16.1-242.1. Retention of jurisdiction; appeals involving children in foster care
- § 16.1-243. Venue
- § 16.1-244. Concurrent jurisdiction; exceptions
- § 16.1-245. Transfer from other courts
- § 16.1-245.1. Medical evidence admissible in juvenile and domestic relations district court
- § 16.1-245.2. Evidence of medical reports, statements, or records; testimony of health care provider or custodian of records in juvenile and domestic relations district court; custody, visitation, placement, and support cases
- § 16.1-246. When and how child may be taken into immediate custody
- § 16.1-247. Duties of person taking child into custody
- § 16.1-247.1. Custodial interrogation of a child; parental notification and contact; inadmissibility of statement
- § 16.1-248. Repealed
- § 16.1-248.1. Criteria for detention or shelter care
- § 16.1-248.2. Mental health screening and assessment for certain juveniles
- § 16.1-248.3. Medical records of juveniles in secure facility
- § 16.1-249. Places of confinement for juveniles
- § 16.1-249.1. Places of confinement to give notice of intake of certain persons
- § 16.1-250. Procedure for detention hearing
- § 16.1-250.1. Repealed
- § 16.1-251. Emergency removal order
- § 16.1-252. Preliminary removal order; hearing
- § 16.1-253. Preliminary protective order
- § 16.1-253.1. Preliminary protective orders in cases of family abuse; confidentiality
- § 16.1-253.2. Violation of provisions of protective orders; penalties
- § 16.1-253.3. Repealed
- § 16.1-253.4. Emergency protective orders authorized in certain cases; penalty
- § 16.1-254. Responsibility for and limitation on transportation of children
- § 16.1-255. Limitation on issuance of detention orders for juveniles; appearance by juvenile
- § 16.1-256. Limitations as to issuance of warrants for juveniles; detention orders
- § 16.1-257. Interference with or obstruction of officer; concealment or removal of child
- § 16.1-258. Bonds and forfeitures thereof
- § 16.1-259. Procedure in cases of adults
- § 16.1-260. Intake; petition; investigation
- § 16.1-261. Statements made at intake or mental health screening and assessment
- § 16.1-262. Form and content of petition
- § 16.1-263. Summonses
- § 16.1-264. Service of summons; proof of service; penalty
- § 16.1-265. Subpoena; attorney-issued subpoena
- § 16.1-266. Appointment of counsel and guardian ad litem
- § 16.1-266.1. Standards for attorneys appointed as guardians ad litem; list of qualified attorneys; attorneys appointed for parents or guardians
- § 16.1-266.2. Appointment of pro bono counsel by judges of the First and Second Judicial District in certain cases
- § 16.1-267. Compensation of appointed counsel
- § 16.1-268. Order of appointment
- § 16.1-269. Repealed
- § 16.1-269.1. Trial in circuit court; preliminary hearing; direct indictment; remand
- § 16.1-269.2. Admissibility of statement; investigation and report; bail
- § 16.1-269.3. Retention by juvenile court; appeal
- § 16.1-269.4. Transfer to circuit court; appeal by juvenile
- § 16.1-269.5. Placement of juvenile
- § 16.1-269.6. Circuit court hearing; jury; termination of juvenile court jurisdiction; objections and appeals
- § 16.1-270. Waiver of jurisdiction of juvenile court in certain cases
- § 16.1-271. Subsequent offenses by juvenile
- § 16.1-272. Power of circuit court over juvenile offender
- § 16.1-272.1. Claim of error to be raised within one year
- § 16.1-273. Court may require investigation of social history and preparation of victim impact statement
- § 16.1-274. Time for filing of reports; copies furnished to attorneys; amended reports; fees
- § 16.1-274.1. Admission of evidence of juvenile's age
- § 16.1-274.2. Certain education records as evidence
- § 16.1-275. Physical and mental examinations and treatment; nursing and medical care
- § 16.1-276. Fees and travel expenses of witnesses
- § 16.1-276.1. Repealed
- § 16.1-276.2. Transportation orders in certain proceedings
- § 16.1-276.3. Use of telephonic communication systems or electronic video and audio communication systems to conduct hearing
- § 16.1-276.4. Use of restraints on juveniles in court prohibited; exceptions
- § 16.1-277.02. (Effective until January 1, 2026) Petition for relief of care and custody
- § 16.1-277. Repealed
- § 16.1-277.01. Approval of entrustment agreement
- § 16.1-277.1. Time limitation
- § 16.1-277.2. Rejection of plea agreement; recusal
- § 16.1-277.02. (Effective January 1, 2026) Petition for relief of care and custody
- § 16.1-278. Cooperation of certain agencies, officials, institutions and associations
- § 16.1-278.1. Definitions
- § 16.1-278.2. Abused, neglected, or abandoned children or children without parental care
- § 16.1-278.3. Relief of care and custody
- § 16.1-278.4. Children in need of services
- § 16.1-278.5. Children in need of supervision
- § 16.1-278.6. Status offenders
- § 16.1-278.7. Commitment to Department of Juvenile Justice
- § 16.1-278.7:01. Department to give notice of the receipt of certain persons