Vermont § 501 - Standard; adjudication

§ 501. Standard; adjudication

• (a)(1) In a proceeding to adjudicate the parentage of a person who claims to be a de facto
  parent of the child, if there is only one other person who is a parent or has a claim
  to parentage of the child, the court shall adjudicate the person who claims to be
  a de facto parent to be a parent of the child if the person demonstrates by clear
  and convincing evidence that: (A) the person resided with the child as a regular member of the child’s household for
  a significant period of time; (B) the person engaged in consistent caretaking of the child; (C) the person undertook full and permanent responsibilities of a parent of the child
  without expectation of financial compensation; (D) the person held out the child as the person’s child; (E) the person established a bonded and dependent relationship with the child that is
  parental in nature; (F) the person and another parent of the child fostered or supported the bonded and dependent
  relationship required under subdivision (E) of this subdivision (1); and (G) continuing the relationship between the person and the child is in the best interests
  of the child. (2) A parent of the child may use evidence of duress, coercion, or threat of harm to contest
  an allegation that the parent fostered or supported a bonded and dependent relationship
  as provided in subdivision (1)(F) of this subsection. Such evidence may include whether
  within the prior 10 years, the person seeking to be adjudicated a de facto parent
  has been convicted of domestic assault, sexual assault, or sexual exploitation of
  the child or another parent of the child, was subject to a final abuse protection
  order pursuant to 15 V.S.A. chapter 21 because the person was found to have committed abuse against the child or another
  parent of the child, or was substantiated for abuse against the child or another parent
  of the child pursuant to 33 V.S.A. chapter 49 or 33 V.S.A. chapter 69.