Texas § WA.13.184 - FAIR RETURN
Full text of Texas The Texas Constitution § WA.13.184 — FAIR RETURN, with citation guidance and answers to common questions.
§ WA.13.184. FAIR RETURN
FAIR RETURN; BURDEN OF PROOF. (a) Unless the utility commission establishes alternate rate methodologies in accordance with Section 13.183 (c), the utility commission may not prescribe any rate that will yield more than a fair return on the invested capital used and useful in rendering service to the public based on test year information. The governing body of a municipality exercising its original jurisdiction over rates and services may use alternate ratemaking methodologies established by ordinance or by utility commission rule in accordance with Section 13.183 (c). Unless the municipal regulatory authority uses alternate ratemaking methodologies established by ordinance or by utility commission rule in accordance with Section 13.183 (c), it may not prescribe any rate that will yield more than a fair return on the invested capital used and useful in rendering service to the public based on test year information. (b) In fixing a reasonable return on invested capital, the regulatory authority shall consider, in addition to other applicable factors, the efforts and achievements of the utility in the conservation of resources, the quality of the utility's services, the efficiency of the utility's operations, and the quality of the utility's management. (c) In any proceeding involving any proposed change of rates, the burden of proof shall be on the utility to show that the proposed change, if proposed by the utility, or that the existing rate, if it is proposed to reduce the rate, is just and reasonable. (d) For a utility that uses a future or combined historic and future test year in a rate proceeding, if the regulatory authority determines in the next rate proceeding for that utility that the test year information used for the utility resulted in the utility's rates yielding more than a fair return on the utility's invested capital used and useful in rendering service to the public, the regulatory authority shall require the utility to refund to customers money collected in excess of a rate that would have yielded a fair return during the period in which the excessive rate was collected. Added by Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 795, Sec. 3.005, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1010, Sec. 6.05, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended by: Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 170 (H.B. 1600 ), Sec. 2.37, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 171 (S.B. 567 ), Sec. 37, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 521 (H.B. 2712 ), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2025.
Frequently Asked Questions About Texas § WA.13.184
What does The Texas Constitution § WA.13.184 cover?
Section WA.13.184 ("FAIR RETURN") is part of the The Texas Constitution, the codified statutory law of Texas. It sets out the legal rule or procedure described in the text above. Statutes are amended regularly, so always verify against the official source.
How do I cite Texas § WA.13.184?
A common citation format is "The Texas Constitution § WA.13.184" (Texas). Legal writing may require the code abbreviation, section number, and year or edition. Match the style required by your court, professor, or publisher.
Is this the official text of Texas law?
No. This page is for research and education and may not include the most recent amendments. For official current law, check the Texas official source linked on this page or consult a licensed Texas attorney.
How does Texas § WA.13.184 apply to my situation?
Statutes are interpreted in context, and application depends on your specific facts. Only a licensed attorney in Texas can advise on how this section applies to you. Contact your state or local bar association for a referral.
Sources & Verification
Not legal advice. Verify against the official source and consult a licensed attorney in Texas.