Ohio § 2933.81

§ 2933.81.

(A) As used in this section: (1) “ Custodial interrogation ” means any interrogation involving a law enforcement officer's questioning that is

reasonably likely to elicit incriminating responses and in which a reasonable person

in the subject's position would consider self to be in custody, beginning when a person

should have been advised of the person's right to counsel and right to remain silent

and of the fact that anything the person says could be used against the person, as

specified by the United States supreme court in Miranda v. Arizona (1966), 384 U.S. 436 , and subsequent decisions, and ending when the questioning has completely finished. (2) “Detention facility” has the same meaning as in section 2921.01 of the Revised Code . (3) “ Electronic recording ” or “ electronically recorded ” means an audio or audiovisual recording that is an authentic, accurate, unaltered

record of a custodial interrogation. (4) “Law enforcement agency” has the same meaning as in section 109.573 of the Revised Code . (5) “ Law enforcement vehicle ” means a vehicle primarily used by a law enforcement agency or by an employee of

a law enforcement agency for official law enforcement purposes. (6) “Local correctional facility” has the same meaning as in section 2903.13 of the Revised Code . (7) “ Place of detention ” means a jail, police or sheriff's station, holding cell, state correctional institution,

local correctional facility, detention facility, or department of youth services facility.  “Place of detention” does not include a law enforcement vehicle. (8) “State correctional institution” has the same meaning as in section 2967.01 of the Revised Code . (9) “ Statement ” means an oral, written, sign language, or nonverbal communication. (B) Except as provided in division (C) of this section, all oral statements made by a

person who is the suspect of a violation of or possible violation of section 2903.01,

2903.02, or 2903.03, a violation of section 2903.04 or 2903.06 that is a felony of

the first or second degree, a violation of section 2907.02 or 2907.03, or an attempt

to commit a violation of section 2907.02 of the Revised Code during a custodial interrogation in a place of detention shall be electronically

recorded.  A failure to electronically record a custodial interrogation does not create a private

cause of action against any person or agency. (C) Division (B) of this section does not apply in any of the following circumstances: (1) The person subject to interrogation requests that the interrogation not be recorded,

as long as this request is preserved by electronic recording or in writing. (2) The recording equipment malfunctions. (3) There are exigent circumstances related to public safety. (4) The interrogation occurs outside of the state of Ohio. (5) The statements are made during routine processing or booking. (6) The statements are made spontaneously and not in response to interrogation. (7) The interrogation occurs when no law enforcement officer conducting the interrogation

has reason to believe that the individual attempted to commit, conspired to commit,

was complicit in committing, or committed an offense listed in division (B) of this

section. (D) If a law enforcement agency fails to electronically record a custodial interrogation

as required by division (B) of this section, the court shall do whichever of the following

is applicable: (1) If the prosecution establishes by a preponderance of the evidence that one or more

of the circumstances listed in division (C) of this section applies, the court shall

admit the evidence without a cautionary instruction to the jury. (2) If the prosecution does not establish by a preponderance of the evidence that one

or more of the circumstances listed in division (C) of this section applies, the court

shall provide a cautionary instruction to the jury that it may consider the failure

to record the custodial interrogation in determining the reliability of the evidence. (F)(1) 1 Law enforcement personnel shall clearly identify and catalog every electronic recording

of a custodial interrogation that is recorded pursuant to this section. (2) If a criminal or delinquent child proceeding is brought against a person who was

the subject of a custodial interrogation that was electronically recorded, law enforcement

personnel shall preserve the recording until the later of when all appeals, post-conviction

relief proceedings, and habeas corpus proceedings are final and concluded or the expiration

of the period of time within which such appeals and proceedings must be brought. (3) Upon motion by the defendant in a criminal proceeding or the alleged delinquent child

in a delinquent child proceeding, the court may order that a copy of an electronic

recording of a custodial interrogation of the person be preserved for any period beyond

the expiration of all appeals, post-conviction relief proceedings, and habeas corpus

proceedings. (4) If no criminal or delinquent child proceeding is brought against a person who was

the subject of a custodial interrogation that was electronically recorded pursuant

to this section, law enforcement personnel are not required to preserve the related

recording. 1

 Division designation so in original, 2021 H 8.