Ohio § 2923.01

§ 2923.01.

(A) No person, with purpose to commit or to promote or facilitate the commission of aggravated

murder, murder, kidnapping, abduction, compelling prostitution, promoting prostitution,

trafficking in persons, aggravated arson, arson, aggravated robbery, robbery, aggravated

burglary, burglary, trespassing in a habitation when a person is present or likely

to be present, engaging in a pattern of corrupt activity, corrupting another with

drugs, a felony drug trafficking, manufacturing, processing, or possession offense,

theft of drugs, or illegal processing of drug documents, the commission of a felony

offense of unauthorized use of a vehicle, illegally transmitting multiple commercial

electronic mail messages or unauthorized access of a computer in violation of section 2923.421 of the Revised Code , or the commission of a violation of any provision of Chapter 3734. of the Revised

Code, other than section 3734.18 of the Revised Code , that relates to hazardous wastes, shall do either of the following: (1) With another person or persons, plan or aid in planning the commission of any of

the specified offenses; (2) Agree with another person or persons that one or more of them will engage in conduct

that facilitates the commission of any of the specified offenses. (B) No person shall be convicted of conspiracy unless a substantial overt act in furtherance

of the conspiracy is alleged and proved to have been done by the accused or a person

with whom the accused conspired, subsequent to the accused's entrance into the conspiracy.  For purposes of this section, an overt act is substantial when it is of a character

that manifests a purpose on the part of the actor that the object of the conspiracy

should be completed. (C) When the offender knows or has reasonable cause to believe that a person with whom

the offender conspires also has conspired or is conspiring with another to commit

the same offense, the offender is guilty of conspiring with that other person, even

though the other person's identity may be unknown to the offender. (D) It is no defense to a charge under this section that, in retrospect, commission of

the offense that was the object of the conspiracy was impossible under the circumstances. (E) A conspiracy terminates when the offense or offenses that are its objects are committed

or when it is abandoned by all conspirators.  In the absence of abandonment, it is no defense to a charge under this section that

no offense that was the object of the conspiracy was committed. (F) A person who conspires to commit more than one offense is guilty of only one conspiracy,

when the offenses are the object of the same agreement or continuous conspiratorial

relationship. (G) When a person is convicted of committing or attempting to commit a specific offense

or of complicity in the commission of or attempt to commit the specific offense, the

person shall not be convicted of conspiracy involving the same offense. (H)(1) No person shall be convicted of conspiracy upon the testimony of a person with whom

the defendant conspired, unsupported by other evidence. (2) If a person with whom the defendant allegedly has conspired testifies against the

defendant in a case in which the defendant is charged with conspiracy and if the testimony

is supported by other evidence, the court, when it charges the jury, shall state substantially

the following: “The testimony of an accomplice that is supported by other evidence does not become

inadmissible because of the accomplice's complicity, moral turpitude, or self-interest,

but the admitted or claimed complicity of a witness may affect the witness' credibility

and make the witness' testimony subject to grave suspicion, and require that it be

weighed with great caution. It is for you, as jurors, in the light of all the facts presented to you from the

witness stand, to evaluate such testimony and to determine its quality and worth or

its lack of quality and worth.” (3) “ Conspiracy ,” as used in division (H)(1) of this section, does not include any conspiracy that

results in an attempt to commit an offense or in the commission of an offense. (I) The following are affirmative defenses to a charge of conspiracy: (1) After conspiring to commit an offense, the actor thwarted the success of the conspiracy

under circumstances manifesting a complete and voluntary renunciation of the actor's

criminal purpose. (2) After conspiring to commit an offense, the actor abandoned the conspiracy prior to

the commission of or attempt to commit any offense that was the object of the conspiracy,

either by advising all other conspirators of the actor's abandonment, or by informing

any law enforcement authority of the existence of the conspiracy and of the actor's

participation in the conspiracy. (J) Whoever violates this section is guilty of conspiracy, which is one of the following: (1) A felony of the first degree, when one of the objects of the conspiracy is aggravated

murder, murder, or an offense for which the maximum penalty is imprisonment for life; (2) A felony of the next lesser degree than the most serious offense that is the object

of the conspiracy, when the most serious offense that is the object of the conspiracy

is a felony of the first, second, third, or fourth degree; (3) A felony punishable by a fine of not more than twenty-five thousand dollars or imprisonment

for not more than eighteen months, or both, when the offense that is the object of

the conspiracy is a violation of any provision of Chapter 3734. of the Revised Code,

other than section 3734.18 of the Revised Code , that relates to hazardous wastes; (4) A misdemeanor of the first degree, when the most serious offense that is the object

of the conspiracy is a felony of the fifth degree. (K) This section does not define a separate conspiracy offense or penalty where conspiracy

is defined as an offense by one or more sections of the Revised Code, other than this

section.  In such a case, however: (1) With respect to the offense specified as the object of the conspiracy in the other

section or sections, division (A) of this section defines the voluntary act or acts

and culpable mental state necessary to constitute the conspiracy; (2) Divisions (B) to (I) of this section are incorporated by reference in the conspiracy

offense defined by the other section or sections of the Revised Code. (L)(1) In addition to the penalties that otherwise are imposed for conspiracy, a person

who is found guilty of conspiracy to engage in a pattern of corrupt activity is subject

to divisions (B)(2) and (3) of section 2923.32 , division (A) of section 2981.04 , and division (D) of section 2981.06 of the Revised Code . (2) If a person is convicted of or pleads guilty to conspiracy and if the most serious

offense that is the object of the conspiracy is a felony drug trafficking, manufacturing,

processing, or possession offense, in addition to the penalties or sanctions that

may be imposed for the conspiracy under division (J)(2) or (4) of this section and

Chapter 2929. of the Revised Code, both of the following apply: (a) The provisions of divisions (D) , (F) , and (G) of section 2925.03 , division (D) of section 2925.04 , division (D) of section 2925.05 , division (D) of section 2925.06 , and division (E) of section 2925.11 of the Revised Code that pertain to mandatory and additional fines, driver's or commercial driver's license

or permit suspensions, and professionally licensed persons and that would apply under

the appropriate provisions of those divisions to a person who is convicted of or pleads

guilty to the felony drug trafficking, manufacturing, processing, or possession offense

that is the most serious offense that is the basis of the conspiracy shall apply to

the person who is convicted of or pleads guilty to the conspiracy as if the person

had been convicted of or pleaded guilty to the felony drug trafficking, manufacturing,

processing, or possession offense that is the most serious offense that is the basis

of the conspiracy. (b) The court that imposes sentence upon the person who is convicted of or pleads guilty

to the conspiracy shall comply with the provisions identified as being applicable

under division (L)(2) of this section, in addition to any other penalty or sanction

that it imposes for the conspiracy under division (J)(2) or (4) of this section and

Chapter 2929. of the Revised Code. (M) As used in this section: (1) “ Felony drug trafficking, manufacturing, processing, or possession offense ” means any of the following that is a felony: (a) A violation of section 2925.03 , 2925.04 , 2925.05 , or 2925.06 of the Revised Code ; (b) A violation of section 2925.11 of the Revised Code that is not a minor drug possession offense. (2) “Minor drug possession offense” has the same meaning as in section 2925.01 of the Revised Code .