Ohio § 3301.079

§ 3301.079.

(A)(1) The department of education and workforce periodically shall adopt statewide academic

standards with emphasis on coherence, focus, and essential knowledge and that are

more challenging and demanding when compared to international standards for each of

grades kindergarten through twelve in English language arts, mathematics, science,

and social studies. (a) The department shall ensure that the standards do all of the following: (i) Include the essential academic content and skills that students are expected to know

and be able to do at each grade level that will allow each student to be prepared

for postsecondary instruction and the workplace for success in the twenty-first century; (ii) Include the development of skill sets that promote information, media, and technological

literacy; (iii) Include interdisciplinary, project-based, real-world learning opportunities; (iv) Instill life-long learning by providing essential knowledge and skills based in the

liberal arts tradition, as well as science, technology, engineering, mathematics,

and career-technical education; (v) Be clearly written, transparent, and understandable by parents, educators, and the

general public. (b) The department shall incorporate into the social studies standards for grades four

to twelve academic content regarding the original texts of the Declaration of Independence,

the Northwest Ordinance, the Constitution of the United States and its amendments,

with emphasis on the Bill of Rights, and the Ohio Constitution, and their original

context.  The department shall revise the model curricula and achievement assessments adopted

under divisions (B) and (C) of this section as necessary to reflect the additional

American history and American government content.  The department shall make available a list of suggested grade-appropriate supplemental

readings that place the documents prescribed by this division in their historical

context, which teachers may use as a resource to assist students in reading the documents

within that context. (c) When the department adopts or revises academic content standards in social studies,

American history, American government, or science under division (A)(1) of this section,

it shall develop such standards independently and not as part of a multistate consortium. (2)(a) After completing the standards required by division (A)(1) of this section, the department

shall adopt standards and model curricula for instruction in technology, financial

literacy and entrepreneurship, fine arts, and foreign language for grades kindergarten

through twelve.  The standards shall meet the same requirements prescribed in division (A)(1)(a)

of this section. (b) The department shall incorporate into the standards and model curriculum for financial

literacy and entrepreneurship for grades nine through twelve academic content regarding

free market capitalism.  The academic content shall include all of the following concepts related to free

market capitalism: (i) Raw materials, labor, and capital, the three classical factors of economic production,

are privately owned. (ii) Individuals control their own ability to work, earn wages, and obtain skills to earn

and increase wages. (iii) Private ownership of capital may include a sole proprietorship, a family business,

a publicly traded corporation, a group of private investors, or a bank. (iv) Markets aggregate the exchange of goods and services throughout the world.  Market prices are the only way to convey so much constantly changing information

about the supply of goods and services, and the demand for them, for consumers and

producers to make informed economic decisions for themselves. (v) Wealth is created by providing goods and services that people value at a profit,

and both sellers and buyers seek to profit in some way in a free market transaction.  Thus, profit earned through transactions can be consumed, saved, reinvested in the

business, or dispersed to shareholders. (vi) Wealth creation involves asset value appreciation and depreciation, voluntary exchange

of equity ownership, and open and closed markets. (vii) The free market is driven by, and tends to produce, entrepreneurship and innovation. (viii) The free market can include side effects and market failures where at least part

of the cost of the transaction, including producing, transporting, selling, or buying,

is born by others outside of the transaction. (ix) The political features of the free market, including legally protected property rights,

legally enforceable contracts, patent protections, and the mitigation of side effects

and market failures; (x) Societies that embrace the free market often embrace political and personal freedom

as well. (3) The department shall adopt the most recent standards developed by the national association

for sport and physical education for physical education in grades kindergarten through

twelve or shall adopt its own standards for physical education in those grades and

revise and update them periodically. The department shall employ a full-time physical education coordinator to provide

guidance and technical assistance to districts, community schools, and STEM schools

in implementing the physical education standards adopted under this division.  The director of education and workforce shall determine that the person employed

as coordinator is qualified for the position, as demonstrated by possessing an adequate

combination of education, license, and experience. (4) The department shall update the standards and model curriculum for instruction in

computer science in grades kindergarten through twelve, which shall include standards

for introductory and advanced computer science courses in grades nine through twelve.  When developing the standards and curriculum, the department shall consider recommendations

from computer science education stakeholder groups, including teachers and representatives

from higher education, industry, computer science organizations in Ohio, and national

computer science organizations. Any district or school may utilize the computer science standards or model curriculum

or any part thereof adopted pursuant to division (A)(4) of this section.  However, no district or school shall be required to utilize all or any part of the

standards or curriculum. (5) When academic standards have been completed for any subject area required by this

section, the department shall inform all school districts, all community schools established

under Chapter 3314. of the Revised Code, all STEM schools established under Chapter

3326. of the Revised Code, and all nonpublic schools required to administer the assessments

prescribed by sections 3301.0710 and 3301.0712 of the Revised Code of the content of those standards.  Additionally, upon completion of any academic standards under this section, the

department shall post those standards on the department's web site. (B)(1) The department shall adopt a model curriculum for instruction in each subject area

for which updated academic standards are required by division (A)(1) of this section

and for each of grades kindergarten through twelve that is sufficient to meet the

needs of students in every community.  The model curriculum shall be aligned with the standards, to ensure that the academic

content and skills specified for each grade level are taught to students, and shall

demonstrate vertical articulation and emphasize coherence, focus, and rigor.  When any model curriculum has been completed, the department shall inform all school

districts, community schools, and STEM schools of the content of that model curriculum. (2) The department, in consultation with the governor's office of workforce transformation,

shall adopt model curricula for grades kindergarten through twelve that embed career

connection learning strategies into regular classroom instruction. (3) All school districts, community schools, and STEM schools may utilize the state standards

and the model curriculum established by the department, together with other relevant

resources, examples, or models to ensure that students have the opportunity to attain

the academic standards.  Upon request, the department shall provide technical assistance to any district,

community school, or STEM school in implementing the model curriculum. Nothing in this section requires any school district to utilize all or any part of

a model curriculum developed under this section. (C) The department shall develop achievement assessments aligned with the academic standards

and model curriculum for each of the subject areas and grade levels required by divisions (A)(1) and (B)(1) of section 3301.0710 of the Revised Code . When any achievement assessment has been completed, the department shall inform all

school districts, community schools, STEM schools, and nonpublic schools required

to administer the assessment of its completion, and the department shall make the

achievement assessment available to the districts and schools. (D)(1) Not later than June 30, 2026, the department shall do both of the following: (a) Adopt a diagnostic assessment aligned with the academic standards for each of grades

kindergarten to three in reading; (b) Approve a list of up to five diagnostic assessments aligned with the academic standards

for each of grades kindergarten to three for both reading and mathematics.  The department's list of approved diagnostic assessments for reading shall include

the three reading diagnostic assessments that were approved by the department for

use as comparable tools for purposes of division (B)(1) of section 3313.608 of the Revised Code , as it existed prior to the effective date of this amendment, and are most widely

used by public schools in the state. (2) Each diagnostic assessment adopted or approved under division (D)(1) of this section

shall be designed to measure student comprehension of academic content and mastery

of related skills for the relevant subject area and grade level.  The diagnostic assessment for reading shall be designed to measure student comprehension

of foundational reading skills aligned to the science of reading.  Any diagnostic assessment adopted by the department shall not include components

to identify gifted students.  Blank copies of diagnostic assessments shall be public records. (3) School districts shall administer a diagnostic assessment in reading and mathematics

adopted or approved by the department pursuant to section 3301.0715 of the Revised Code beginning in the 2026-2027 school year. (E) The department shall not adopt a diagnostic or achievement assessment for any grade

level or subject area other than those specified in this section. (F) Whenever the department consults with persons for the purpose of drafting or reviewing

any standards, diagnostic assessments, achievement assessments, or model curriculum

required under this section, the department shall first consult with parents of students

in kindergarten through twelfth grade and with active Ohio classroom teachers, other

school personnel, and administrators with expertise in the appropriate subject area.  Whenever practicable, the department shall consult with teachers recognized as outstanding

in their fields. If the department contracts with more than one outside entity for the development

of the achievement assessments required by this section, the department shall ensure

the interchangeability of those assessments. (G) Whenever the department adopts standards or model curricula under this section, the

department also shall provide information on the use of blended, online, or digital

learning in the delivery of the standards or curricula to students in accordance with

division (A)(5) of this section. (H) The fairness sensitivity review committee of the department shall not allow any question

on any achievement or diagnostic assessment developed under this section or any proficiency

test prescribed by former section 3301.0710 of the Revised Code, as it existed prior

to September 11, 2001, to include, be written to promote, or inquire as to individual

moral or social values or beliefs.  The decision of the committee shall be final.  This section does not create a private cause of action. (I) Not later than sixty days prior to the adoption of updated academic standards under

division (A)(1) of this section or updated model curricula under division (B)(1) of

this section, the director of education and workforce shall present the academic standards

or model curricula, as applicable, in person at a public hearing of the respective

committees of the house of representatives and senate that consider education legislation. (J) As used in this section: (1) “ Blended learning ” means the delivery of instruction in a combination of time primarily in a supervised

physical location away from home and online delivery whereby the student has some

element of control over time, place, path, or pace of learning and includes noncomputer-based

learning opportunities. (2) “ Online learning ” means students work primarily from their residences on assignments delivered via

an internet- or other computer-based instructional method. (3) “ Coherence ” means a reflection of the structure of the discipline being taught. (4) “ Digital learning ” means learning facilitated by technology that gives students some element of control

over time, place, path, or pace of learning. (5) “ Focus ” means limiting the number of items included in a curriculum to allow for deeper

exploration of the subject matter. (6) “ Vertical articulation ” means key academic concepts and skills associated with mastery in particular content

areas should be articulated and reinforced in a developmentally appropriate manner

at each grade level so that over time students acquire a depth of knowledge and understanding

in the core academic disciplines.