Ohio § 2305.321

§ 2305.321.

(A) As used in this section: (1) “ Equine ” means a horse, pony, mule, donkey, hinny, zebra, zebra hybrid, or alpaca. (2)(a) “ Equine activity ” means any of the following: (i) An equine show, fair, competition, performance, or parade that involves an equine

and an equine discipline, including, but not limited to, dressage, a hunter and jumper

show, grand prix jumping, a three-day event, combined training, a rodeo, driving,

pulling, cutting, reining, team penning, barrel racing, polo, steeplechasing, English

or western performance riding, endurance or nonendurance trail riding, western games,

hunting, packing, and recreational riding; (ii) An equine or rider training, teaching, instructing, testing, or evaluating activity,

including, but not limited to, a clinic, seminar, or symposium; (iii) The boarding of an equine, including, but not limited to, normal daily care of an

equine; (iv) The trailering, loading, unloading, or transporting of an equine; (v) The riding, inspecting, or evaluating of an equine owned by another person, regardless

of whether the owner has received anything of value for the use of the equine or is

permitting a prospective purchaser of the equine to ride, inspect, or evaluate it; (vi) A ride, trip, hunt, branding, roundup, cattle drive, or other activity that involves

an equine and that is sponsored by an equine activity sponsor, regardless of whether

the activity is formal, informal, planned, or impromptu; (vii) The placing or replacing of horseshoes on an equine, the removing of horseshoes from

an equine, or the trimming of the hooves of an equine; (viii) The provision of or assistance in the provision of veterinary treatment or maintenance

care for an equine; (ix) The conducting of procedures or assistance in the conducting of procedures necessary

to breed an equine by means of artificial insemination or otherwise. (b) “ Equine activity ” does not include horse or mule racing. (3) “ Equine activity participant ” means a person who engages in any of the following activities, regardless of whether

the person is an amateur or a professional or whether a fee is paid to participate

in the particular activity: (a) Riding, training, driving, or controlling in any manner an equine, whether the equine

is mounted or unmounted; (b) Being a passenger upon an equine; (c) Providing medical treatment to an equine; (d) Conducting procedures of [ sic ] assisting in conducting procedures necessary to breed an equine by means of artificial

insemination or otherwise; (e) Assisting a person who is engaged in an activity described in division (A)(3)(a),

(b), (c), or (d) of this section; (f) Sponsoring an equine activity; (g) Being a spectator at an equine activity. (4) “ Equine activity sponsor ” means either of the following persons: (a) A person who, for profit or not for profit, sponsors, organizes, or provides a facility

for an equine activity, including, but not limited to, a pony club, 4-H club, hunt

club, riding club, or therapeutic riding program, or a class, program, or activity

that is sponsored by a school, college, or university; (b) An operator or promoter of, or an instructor at, an equine facility, such as a stable,

clubhouse, pony ride, fair, training facility, show ground, or arena at which an equine

activity is held. (5) “ Equine professional ” means a person who engages for compensation in any of the following activities: (a) Training, teaching, instructing, testing, or evaluating an equine or an equine activity

participant; (b) Renting to an equine activity participant an equine for the purpose of riding, driving,

or being a passenger upon an equine; (c) Renting equipment or tack to an equine activity participant for use in an equine

activity; (d) Providing daily care to an equine boarded at an equine activity; (e) Providing or assisting in providing veterinary treatment or maintenance care to an

equine; (f) Conducting procedures or assisting in conducting procedures necessary to breed an

equine by means of artificial insemination or otherwise. (6) “ Harm ” means injury, death, or loss to person or property. (7) “ Inherent risk of an equine activity ” means a danger or condition that is an integral part of an equine activity, including,

but not limited to, any of the following: (a) The propensity of an equine to behave in ways that may result in injury, death, or

loss to persons on or around the equine; (b) The unpredictability of an equine's reaction to sounds, sudden movement, unfamiliar

objects, persons, or other animals; (c) Hazards, including, but not limited to, surface or subsurface conditions; (d) A collision with another equine, another animal, a person, or an object; (e) The potential of an equine activity participant to act in a negligent manner that

may contribute to injury, death, or loss to the person of the participant or to other

persons, including, but not limited to, failing to maintain control over an equine

or failing to act within the ability of the participant. (8) “ Person ” has the same meaning as in section 1.59 of the Revised Code and additionally includes governmental entities. (9) “ Tort action ” means a civil action for damages for injury, death, or loss to person or property.

“ Tort action ” does not include a civil action for damages for a breach of contract or another

agreement between persons. (10) “ Veterinarian ” means a person who is licensed to practice veterinary medicine in this state pursuant

to Chapter 4741. of the Revised Code. (B)(1) Except as provided in division (B)(2) of this section and subject to division (C)

of this section, an equine activity sponsor, equine activity participant, equine professional,

veterinarian, farrier, or other person is not liable in damages in a tort or other

civil action for harm that an equine activity participant allegedly sustains during

an equine activity and that results from an inherent risk of an equine activity.  Except as provided in division (B)(2) of this section and subject to division (C)

of this section, an equine activity participant or the personal representative of

an equine activity participant does not have a claim or cause of action upon which

a recovery of damages may be based against, and may not recover damages in a tort

or other civil action against, an equine activity sponsor, another equine activity

participant, an equine professional, a veterinarian, a farrier, or another person

for harm that the equine activity participant allegedly sustained during an equine

activity and that resulted from an inherent risk of an equine activity. (2) The immunity from tort or other civil liability conferred by division (B)(1) of this

section is forfeited if any of the following circumstances applies: (a) An equine activity sponsor, equine activity participant, equine professional, veterinarian,

farrier, or other person provides to an equine activity participant faulty or defective

equipment or tack and knows or should know that the equipment or tack is faulty or

defective, and the fault or defect in the equipment or tack proximately causes the

harm involved. (b) An equine activity sponsor, equine activity participant, equine professional, veterinarian,

farrier, or other person provides an equine to an equine activity participant and

fails to make reasonable and prudent efforts to determine the equine activity participant's

ability to safely engage in the equine activity or to safely manage the equine based

on the equine activity participant's representations of the participant's ability,

the equine activity participant fails to safely engage in the equine activity or to

safely manage the equine, and that failure proximately causes the harm involved. (c) The harm involved is proximately caused by a dangerous latent condition of the land

on which or the premises at which the harm occurs, an equine activity sponsor, equine

activity participant, equine professional, veterinarian, farrier, or other person

owns, leases, rents, or otherwise lawfully possesses and controls the land or premises

and knows or should know of the dangerous latent condition, but does not post conspicuously

prior to the time of the harm involved one or more signs that warn of the dangerous

latent condition. (d) An act or omission of an equine activity sponsor, equine activity participant, equine

professional, veterinarian, farrier, or other person constitutes a willful or wanton

disregard for the safety of an equine activity participant and proximately causes

the harm involved. (e) An equine activity sponsor, equine activity participant, equine professional, veterinarian,

farrier, or other person intentionally causes the harm involved. (C)(1) Notwithstanding the immunity conferred by division (B)(1) of this section and the

grounds for its forfeiture specified in division (B)(2) of this section, subject to

divisions (C)(2)(b) and (3) of this section, an equine activity sponsor, equine activity

participant, equine professional, veterinarian, farrier, or other person is not liable

in damages in a tort or other civil action for harm that an equine activity participant

allegedly sustains during an equine activity and that results from an inherent risk

of an equine activity if that equine activity participant or a parent, guardian, custodian,

or other legal representative of that equine activity participant voluntarily executes,

prior to the occurrence of the harm involved, a written waiver as described in division

(C)(2) of this section.  Subject to divisions (C)(2)(b) and (C)(3) of this section, the equine activity participant

who is the subject of that waiver or the parent, guardian, custodian, or other legal

representative of the equine activity participant who is the subject of that waiver

does not have a claim or cause of action upon which a recovery of damages may be based

against, and may not recover damages in a tort or other civil action against, an equine

activity sponsor, another equine activity participant, an equine professional, a veterinarian,

a farrier, or another person in whose favor the waiver was executed. (2)(a) A valid waiver for purposes of division (C)(1) of this section shall be in writing

and subscribed by the equine activity participant or the parent, guardian, custodian,

or other legal representative of the equine activity participant, and shall specify

at least each inherent risk of an equine activity that is listed in divisions (A)(7)(a)

to (e) of this section and that will be a subject of the waiver of tort or other civil

liability. (b) A waiver in the form described in division (C)(2)(a) of this section shall remain

valid until it is revoked in the manner described in division (C)(3) of this section.  Unless so revoked, such a waiver that pertains to equine activities sponsored by

a school, college, or university shall apply to all equine activities in which the

equine activity participant who is the subject of the waiver is involved during the

twelve-month period following the execution of the waiver. (3) A valid waiver in the form described in division (C)(2)(a) of this section may be

revoked in writing by the equine activity participant or the parent, guardian, custodian,

or other legal representative of the equine activity participant who executed the

waiver.  The revocation of the waiver does not affect the availability of the immunity conferred

by division (B)(1) of this section. (D)(1) This section does not create a new cause of action or substantive legal right against

an equine activity sponsor, equine activity participant, equine professional, veterinarian,

farrier, or other person. (2) This section does not affect the availability in appropriate circumstances of a civil

action based on a product liability claim under sections 2307.71 to 2307.801 of the Revised Code .