North Dakota § 9-16-13 - Automated transactions
Full text of North Dakota North Dakota Century Code § 9-16-13 — Automated transactions, with citation guidance and answers to common questions.
§ 9-16-13. Automated transactions
In an automated transaction, the following rules apply: 1. A contract may be formed by the interaction of electronic agents of the parties, even if no individual was aware of or reviewed the electronic agents' actions or the resulting terms and agreements. 2. A contract may be formed by the interaction of an electronic agent and an individual, acting on the individual's own behalf or for another person, including by an interaction in which the individual performs actions that the individual is free to refuse to perform and which the individual knows or has reason to know will cause the electronic agent to complete the transaction or performance. 3. The terms of the contract are determined by the substantive law applicable to the contract.
Source: official North Dakota text · Last verified 2026-08-27
Frequently Asked Questions About North Dakota § 9-16-13
What does North Dakota Century Code § 9-16-13 cover?
Section 9-16-13 ("Automated transactions") is part of the North Dakota Century Code, the codified statutory law of North Dakota. It sets out the legal rule or procedure described in the text above. Statutes are amended regularly, so always verify against the official source.
How do I cite North Dakota § 9-16-13?
A common citation format is "North Dakota Century Code § 9-16-13" (North Dakota). Legal writing may require the code abbreviation, section number, and year or edition. Match the style required by your court, professor, or publisher.
Is this the official text of North Dakota law?
No. This page is for research and education and may not include the most recent amendments. For official current law, check the North Dakota official source linked on this page or consult a licensed North Dakota attorney.
How does North Dakota § 9-16-13 apply to my situation?
Statutes are interpreted in context, and application depends on your specific facts. Only a licensed attorney in North Dakota can advise on how this section applies to you. Contact your state or local bar association for a referral.
Sources & Verification
Not legal advice. Verify against the official source and consult a licensed attorney in North Dakota.