North Dakota Code — 47
Browse 560 sections in division 47 of the North Dakota code. Each section page includes the full statutory text, official source links, and citation guidance.
Sections (showing up to 300)
- § 47-01-01. Ownership defined
- § 47-01-02. Property - Classification
- § 47-01-03. Real property defined
- § 47-01-04. Land defined
- § 47-01-05. Fixtures defined
- § 47-01-06. Appurtenances defined
- § 47-01-07. Personal property defined
- § 47-01-08. What may be subject to ownership
- § 47-01-09. Public or private ownership - All property subject to
- § 47-01-10. State ownership - Property appropriated or dedicated - Property having no
- § 47-01-11. Private ownership - Persons qualified - Citizen - Alien
- § 47-01-12. Scope of ownership - Above and below surface
- § 47-01-13. Ownership of land includes water
- § 47-01-14. Land below high water mark - Regulated by federal or state law
- § 47-01-15. Banks and beds of streams - Boundary of ownership
- § 47-01-16. Road or street - Boundary of ownership
- § 47-01-17. Tree occupying lands of adjacent owner - Ownership determined from
- § 47-01-18. Lateral and adjacent support
- § 47-01-19. Boundaries - Obligation of coterminous owners
- § 47-01-20. Extent of ownership - Products and accessions
- § 47-01-21. Methods by which property may be acquired
- § 47-01-22. Temporary easements to contain fixed termination date
- § 47-01-23. Landowner immunity - Use and condition of roads
- § 47-02-01. Ownership - Classification
- § 47-02-02. Absolute ownership defined
- § 47-02-03. Qualified ownership defined
- § 47-02-04. Sole or concurrent ownership designated
- § 47-02-05. Concurrent ownership defined
- § 47-02-06. Joint tenancy interest defined
- § 47-02-07. Partnership interest defined
- § 47-02-08. Interest in common defined
- § 47-02-09. Commencement and duration of interests
- § 47-02-10. Present interest defined
- § 47-02-11. Future interest defined
- § 47-02-12. Perpetual interest defined
- § 47-02-13. Limited interest defined
- § 47-02-14. Determination of time of creation of limitation
- § 47-02-15. Future estates - Classification
- § 47-02-16. Alternative contingencies
- § 47-02-17. Improbable contingency - Future interest valid
- § 47-02-18. Future estates pass
- § 47-02-19. Posthumous heir
- § 47-02-20. Mere possibility not an interest
- § 47-02-21. Future interests - Limitation
- § 47-02-22. Conditions of ownership - Definition
- § 47-02-23. Conditions - Classification
- § 47-02-24. Illegal conditions void
- § 47-02-25. Restraints upon marriage void - Use until marriage
- § 47-02-26. Restraints on alienation - When void
- § 47-02-27. Suspension of power of alienation - Rule against perpetuities
- § 47-02-27.1. Statutory rule against perpetuities - Invalidity of certain contingent
- § 47-02-27.2. When contingent property interest or power of appointment created
- § 47-02-27.3. Reformation
- § 47-02-27.4. Exclusions from statutory rule against perpetuities
- § 47-02-27.5. Prospective application
- § 47-02-28. Termination of future interest - Provision by creator
- § 47-02-29. Future interest dependent on death without successors is defeated by birth
- § 47-02-30. Future interest - Effect of change of intermediate interest
- § 47-02-31. Future interest restraining alienation - When void
- § 47-02-32. Future interest - Effect of determination of precedent interest - Contingent
- § 47-02-33. Rights of owner of life estate
- § 47-02-34. Life estate - Obligation to maintain property - Waste - Taxes - Other charges
- § 47-03-01. Income defined
- § 47-03-02. Income from future interests - Dispositions
- § 47-03-03. Undisposed income - Persons entitled to future interest
- § 47-03-04. Accumulation of income - How directed
- § 47-03-05. Accumulation beyond minority of beneficiaries - Direction void
- § 47-03-06. Allowance to minor from accumulations
- § 47-03-07. Illegal accumulation
- § 47-04-01. Jurisdiction - State laws
- § 47-04-02. Classification of estates as to duration
- § 47-04-03. Estates - Classification and definition
- § 47-04-04. Estate in fee defined
- § 47-04-05. Estates tail abolished - Declared fees
- § 47-04-06. Fee tail valid as contingent limitation upon a fee
- § 47-04-07. Estate for life is freehold
- § 47-04-08. Future estate limited
- § 47-04-09. Reversion defined
- § 47-04-10. Remainder defined
- § 47-04-11. Limitation of suspension of absolute ownership
- § 47-04-12. Trust - Suspension of power to alienate the same
- § 47-04-13. Contingent remainder created on prior remainder - Effect
- § 47-04-14. Creation of estate - Limitation
- § 47-04-15. Life estates - Successive limitations
- § 47-04-16. Remainder upon successive life estates
- § 47-04-17. Contingent remainder on term of years - Limitation
- § 47-04-18. Life estate - Limitation on term of years
- § 47-04-19. Remainder limited on contingency
- § 47-04-20. Remainder limited to heirs of body of life tenant - Rule in Shelley's Case
- § 47-04-21. Remainder limited on estate for life or years - When effective
- § 47-04-22. Estate in fee, remainder, or reversion - Right of action
- § 47-04-23. Effect of unexecuted power
- § 47-04-24. Covenants running with the land defined
- § 47-04-25. Covenants running with the land
- § 47-04-25.1. Modification of covenants running with the land
- § 47-04-26. Covenants running with the land - Classification
- § 47-04-27. Covenants - Limitation to designated assigns
- § 47-04-28. Covenants running with the land - Owner of entire estate bound
- § 47-04-29. Covenants running with the land - Liability as holder only
- § 47-04-30. Covenants running with the land - Apportionment of benefit or burden
- § 47-04-31. Highways, railways, or rights of way - Covenants of warranty
- § 47-04-32. Covenant may not prohibit display of political signs
- § 47-05-01. Easements attached to other lands
- § 47-05-01.1. Solar easement - Creation
- § 47-05-01.2. Solar easement - Contents
- § 47-05-02. Servitudes not attached to land
- § 47-05-02.1. Requirements of easements, servitudes, or nonappurtenant restrictions
- § 47-05-03. Dominant tenement defined
- § 47-05-04. Servient tenement defined
- § 47-05-05. Servitude - Creation
- § 47-05-06. Holding of servitude
- § 47-05-07. Servitude - Extent
- § 47-05-08. Partition of dominant tenement - Burden apportioned - Limitations
- § 47-05-09. Right of future owner in easements
- § 47-05-10. Enforcement of easement - Right of action
- § 47-05-11. Public servitude - Effect on owner of fee - Action for possession
- § 47-05-12. Extinguishment of servitude - Methods
- § 47-05-13. Restrictions on easements for forest purposes
- § 47-05-14. Wind easement - Definition
- § 47-05-15. Wind easements - Creation - Term - Development required
- § 47-05-16. Severance of wind energy rights limited
- § 47-05-17. Severance of the right of access for hunting access prohibited
- § 47-06-01. Title by occupancy
- § 47-06-02. Title by prescription - Occupancy required
- § 47-06-03. Title to real property - Adverse possession
- § 47-06-04. Fixtures - When tenant may remove
- § 47-06-04.1. Mobile home storm shelters - Placement and transfer of ownership
- § 47-06-05. Riparian accretions
- § 47-06-06. Avulsion - Title - Reclamation by original owner - Limitations
- § 47-06-07. Ancient streambed taken by owners of new course as indemnity
- § 47-06-08. Islands and relicted lands in navigable streams belong to state
- § 47-06-09. Islands and relicted land in non-navigable streams
- § 47-06-10. Island formed by dividing stream - Title
- § 47-07-01. Jurisdiction - Law of domicile applies
- § 47-07-02. Thing in action defined
- § 47-07-03. Thing in action transferable
- § 47-07-04. Products of the mind - Ownership - Application
- § 47-07-05. Joint ownership of products of the mind
- § 47-07-06. Transfer of products of the mind
- § 47-07-07. Publication of products of the mind - Right to reproduce
- § 47-07-08. Identical products of the mind - Rights of respective owners
- § 47-07-09. Private communications - Ownership - Right of publication
- § 47-07-10. Goodwill defined
- § 47-07-11. Goodwill - Transferability
- § 47-07-12. Sale of goodwill - Warranty
- § 47-07-13. Title deeds - Ownership passes with title
- § 47-07-14. Museum records - Disposition of loaned or donated objects
- § 47-08-01. Things inseparably united
- § 47-08-02. Principal part defined
- § 47-08-03. Materials of different owners united by labor of one - Inseparable without
- § 47-08-04. Material of several owners - Admixture without consent of the same Ownership - Determination
- § 47-08-05. Thing made from another's materials
- § 47-08-06. Willful uniting material without consent - Nonconsenting owner entitled to
- § 47-08-07. Union of material - Right to restitution or value by nonconsenting owner
- § 47-08-08. Damages - Liability of person uniting materials of another
- § 47-09-01. Transfer defined
- § 47-09-02. What may be transferred - Exceptions
- § 47-09-03. Voluntary transfer defined - Consideration unnecessary
- § 47-09-04. Transfer - How made
- § 47-09-05. Names of transfers by writing
- § 47-09-06. Delivery of written transfer - Requirement - Presumption from execution
- § 47-09-07. Delivery must be absolute - Conditional delivery ineffective, becomes
- § 47-09-08. Delivery in escrow
- § 47-09-09. Constructive delivery
- § 47-09-10. Redelivery does not retransfer
- § 47-09-11. Interpretation of grants
- § 47-09-12. Interpretation of descriptive words
- § 47-09-13. Grant shall be interpreted in favor of grantee - Exceptions
- § 47-09-14. Without issue defined
- § 47-09-15. Words of inheritance or succession unnecessary to fee
- § 47-09-16. Transfer vests actual title - Thing includes incidents
- § 47-09-17. Present interest and benefit - When taken
- § 47-09-18. Land transfers - Filing requirements
- § 47-10-01. Method of transfer
- § 47-10-02. Sale of realty - Duty of seller
- § 47-10-02.1. Property disclosure - Requirements - Exceptions
- § 47-10-02.2. Disclosure of prior radon test - Immunity from liability - Definitions
- § 47-10-02.3. Required disclosures - Seller to provide
- § 47-10-03. Agreement to give usual covenants on sale - Duty imposed
- § 47-10-04. Form of covenants
- § 47-10-05. Grants - Execution - Witnesses sufficient - Seal unnecessary
- § 47-10-05.1. Presumption of corporate authority of officers - Application
- § 47-10-06. Form of grant
- § 47-10-07. Deed - Execution - Post-office and street address of grantee a prerequisite
- § 47-10-08. Grant conclusive against whom
- § 47-10-09. Grant valid pro tanto
- § 47-10-10. Title to highway, street, alley, and public right of way - Vacation
- § 47-10-11. Easements - Pass by transfer of property to which attached
- § 47-10-12. Warranties - Lineal and collateral abolished - Exceptions
- § 47-10-13. Grant presumes fee simple title
- § 47-10-14. Grant takes effect on performance of condition
- § 47-10-15. After-acquired title
- § 47-10-16. Reconveyance when estate defeated by nonperformance of condition
- § 47-10-17. Encumbrances defined
- § 47-10-18. Liability of grantor
- § 47-10-19. Covenants implied from use of word grant
- § 47-10-20. Attornment - When unnecessary
- § 47-10-21. Reservation of coal limited to description
- § 47-10-22. Reservation without description ineffectual
- § 47-10-23. Transfer by grantor to the grantor and another in joint tenancy
- § 47-10-23.1. Nontestamentary transfer between spouses - Presumption
- § 47-10-24. Description and definition of minerals in leases and conveyances
- § 47-10-25. Meaning of minerals in deed, grant, or conveyance of title to real property
- § 47-10-26. Authority of trustee
- § 47-10-27. Manufactured homes - Affixation to real property - Conveyance or
- § 47-10-28. Mobile home park - Ownership - Transfer of ownership - Tenant rights Penalty
- § 47-11-01. Mode of transfer - General provisions
- § 47-11-02. Interest in express trusts - Operation of law or written instrument required
- § 47-11-03. When title passes
- § 47-11-04. Executory agreement
- § 47-11-05. Transfer by agent - Legal effect - Limitations
- § 47-11-06. Gift defined
- § 47-11-07. Gift - Writing or delivery required
- § 47-11-08. Gift irrevocable - Exception
- § 47-11-09. Gift in view of death defined
- § 47-11-10. Gift in view of death - Presumption
- § 47-11-11. Gift in view of death - Revocable - Rights of bona fide purchaser
- § 47-11-12. Gift in view of death - Effect of will
- § 47-11-13. Gift in view of death - Legacy as to creditors
- § 47-11-14. Transfer of personal property by grantor to grantor and others in joint
- § 47-11-15. Validation of transfers of personal property by grantor to grantor and others
- § 47-11-16. Nontestamentary transfer between spouses - Presumption
- § 47-12-01. Loan for use defined
- § 47-12-02. Degree of care to be exercised by borrower
- § 47-12-03. Degree of skill to be exercised by borrower
- § 47-12-04. Humane treatment of animals
- § 47-12-05. Retention of title and increase by lender
- § 47-12-06. Use by borrower limited to anticipated purposes
- § 47-12-07. Lender's consent necessary in a third-party transaction
- § 47-12-08. Expenses in connection with borrowed personal property to be borne by
- § 47-12-09. Lender to indemnify borrower for damages caused by concealed defects
- § 47-12-10. Reparation of personal property by borrower
- § 47-12-11. Return of property on demand of lender
- § 47-12-12. Time for return of personal property to lender
- § 47-13-01. Loan for exchange defined
- § 47-13-02. Loan for use or for exchange subject to provisions of chapter
- § 47-13-03. Title transferred to borrower
- § 47-13-04. Lender may not require change in obligations
- § 47-13-05. Indemnity to borrower for concealed defects
- § 47-13-06. Time and place for return of personal property to lender
- § 47-14-01. Loan of money defined
- § 47-14-02. Repayment in current funds
- § 47-14-03. Loan presumes interest
- § 47-14-04. Interest defined
- § 47-14-05. Legal rate of interest - Interest after maturity
- § 47-14-06. Annual rate when not specified
- § 47-14-07. Interest rate - Before and after breach
- § 47-14-08. Interest on loans may be deducted in advance - Limitation
- § 47-14-09. Usury - Definition - Maximum contract rate - Prohibition - Exclusions
- § 47-14-10. Civil liability for usury - Forfeiture of interest
- § 47-14-11. Criminal penalty for usury
- § 47-15-01. Hiring defined
- § 47-15-02. Obligations of letter
- § 47-15-03. Remedy against letter
- § 47-15-04. Ordinary care
- § 47-15-05. Limitation of use to purpose for which let
- § 47-15-06. Title to products
- § 47-15-07. Injuries - Reparation by hirer
- § 47-15-08. Expenses borne by hirer
- § 47-15-09. Termination of hiring in general
- § 47-15-10. Termination before end of term by letter
- § 47-15-11. Termination before end of term by hirer
- § 47-15-12. Payment of proportionate hire
- § 47-15-13. Return of property by hirer
- § 47-16-01. Leasing of real property - Definition
- § 47-16-02. Limitations on leases
- § 47-16-02.1. Rent controls - Prohibited
- § 47-16-03. Filing farm lease containing reservation of title to crop - Waiver of rights on
- § 47-16-04. Products during lease belong to lessee - Exception
- § 47-16-05. Lease of realty presumed for one year
- § 47-16-06. When a lease is presumed renewed
- § 47-16-06.1. Automatic renewal of leases of residential real property - When notice
- § 47-16-07. Leases - Notice by landlord to change terms - When effective
- § 47-16-07.1. Real property and dwelling security deposits - Limitations and
- § 47-16-07.2. Statement detailing condition of premises to accompany rental
- § 47-16-07.3. When landlord may enter apartment
- § 47-16-07.4. Fraudulent misrepresentations - Receipt of security deposit
- § 47-16-07.5. Disability documentation for service or assistance animal in rental
- § 47-16-07.6. Service animals - Housing - Penalties for furnishing fraudulent disability
- § 47-16-08. Quiet possession of leased property
- § 47-16-09. Ordinary care must be exercised by lessee
- § 47-16-10. Injuries to real property - Must be repaired by lessee
- § 47-16-11. Use of real property for purpose leased - Violation
- § 47-16-12. Obligations of lessor to repair dwelling
- § 47-16-13. When lessee may repair or vacate premises
- § 47-16-13.1. Landlord obligations - Maintenance of premises
- § 47-16-13.2. Tenant obligations - Maintenance of dwelling unit
- § 47-16-13.3. Unconscionability
- § 47-16-13.4. Remedy after termination
- § 47-16-13.5. Mitigation of damages
- § 47-16-13.6. Enforcement of sections 47-16-13.1 through 47-16-13.6
- § 47-16-13.7. Eviction - Lessee liable for rent during term of lease
- § 47-16-14. When a lease of real property terminates
- § 47-16-15. Notice of termination of lease
- § 47-16-16. When lessor may terminate lease
- § 47-16-17. When lessee may terminate lease
- § 47-16-17.1. Termination due to domestic abuse
- § 47-16-18. When lease of real property is terminated by death
- § 47-16-19. Term of lease governed by manner of payment of rent
- § 47-16-20. Rents - When payable