North Carolina § 48-3-601 - Persons whose consent to adoption is required.

§ 48-3-601. Persons whose consent to adoption is required.

Unless consent is not required under G.S. 48-3-603, a petition to adopt a minor may be granted only if consent to the adoption has been executed by: The minor to be adopted if 12 or more years of age; In a direct placement, by: The mother of the minor; Any man who may or may not be the biological father of the minor but who: Is or was married to the mother of the minor if the minor was born during the marriage or within 280 days after the marriage is terminated or the parties have separated pursuant to a written separation agreement or an order of separation entered under Chapters 50 or 50B of the General Statutes or a similar order of separation entered by a court in another jurisdiction; Attempted to marry the mother of the minor before the minor's birth, by a marriage solemnized in apparent compliance with law, although the attempted marriage is or could be declared invalid, and the minor is born during the attempted marriage, or within 280 days after the attempted marriage is terminated by annulment, declaration of invalidity, divorce, or, in the absence of a judicial proceeding, by the cessation of cohabitation; Before the filing of the petition, has legitimated the minor under the law of any state; Before the earlier of the filing of the petition or the date of a hearing under G.S. 48-2-206, has acknowledged his paternity of the minor and Is obligated to support the minor under written agreement or by court order; Has provided, in accordance with his financial means, reasonable and consistent payments for the support of the biological mother during or after the term of pregnancy, or the support of the minor, or both, which may include the payment of medical expenses, living expenses, or other tangible means of support, and has regularly visited or communicated, or attempted to visit or communicate with the biological mother during or after the term of pregnancy, or with the minor, or with both; or After the minor's birth but before the minor's placement for adoption or the mother's relinquishment, has married or attempted to marry the mother of the minor by a marriage solemnized in apparent compliance with law, although the attempted marriage is or could be declared invalid; or Before the filing of the petition, has received the minor into his home and openly held out the minor as his biological child; or Is the adoptive father of the minor; and A guardian of the minor; and In an agency placement by: The agency that placed the minor for adoption; and Each individual described in subdivision (2) of this section who has not relinquished the minor pursuant to Part 7 of Article 3 of this Chapter. History (1949, c. 300; 1953, c. 906; 1957, c. 90; c. 778, ss. 3-5; 1961, c. 186; 1969, c. 534, s.1; c. 911, ss. 6, 7; c. 982; 1971, c. 1093, s. 13; c. 1185, s. 17; 1973, c. 1354, s. 5; 1975, c. 321, s. 1; c. 702, ss. 1-3; c. 714; 1977, c. 879, ss. 2, 3, 5; 1979, c. 107, s. 7; 2nd Sess., c. 1088, s. 1; 1983, cc. 30, 292; c. 454, ss. 2, 6; 1985, c. 758, ss. 5-11; 1987, c. 371, s. 1; 1995, c. 457, s. 2; 1997-215, s. 16.) Legal Periodicals. - For 1997 legislative survey, see 20 Campbell L. Rev. 459 (1998). For note, "Closing the Window of Opportunity: The Limited Rights of Putative Fathers Under G.S. 48-3-601 and In re Byrd," see 23 Campbell L. Rev. 305 (2001). For casenote, "The Established Standard for Fathers Who Have Acknowledged Paternity and Who Are Seeking Custody of Their Illegitimate Child(ren): Rosero v. Blake, 357 N.C. 193 (2003)," see 26 N.C. Cent. L.J. 116 (2003). For note, "In re S.D.W.: A Step in the Wrong Direction for Unmarried Fathers' Parental Rights," see 7 Charlotte L. Rev. 217 (2016). For article, "Preserving Your Right to Parent: The Supreme Court of North Carolina Addresses Unmarried Fathers' Due Process Rights in In Re Adoption of S.D.W.," see 94 N.C.L. Rev. 723 (2016). For comment, "N.C. Gen. Stat. § 48-3-601 and N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-1111: A Putative Father's Right to Be a Father,” see 41 Campbell L. Rev. 201 (2019).