New York § 391 - 391Limited English proficient litigants' data

Full text of New York New York Consolidated Laws § 391 — 391Limited English proficient litigants' data, with citation guidance and answers to common questions.

§ 391. 391Limited English proficient litigants' data

§ 391. Limited English proficient litigants' data. 1. For the purposes of this section, the following terms shall have the following meanings: (a) "primary language" means the dominant language a litigant speaks in everyday situations, including but not limited to their home, work, school, and community environments; (b) "limited English proficient (LEP) litigant" means a participant in a legal proceeding, whose limited ability to speak or understand the English language, has created a communications barrier to understanding his or her legal rights or impairs his or her ability to participate fully in court programs or services; and (c) "language assistance services" means oral and written services needed to assist LEP litigants to communicate effectively with court personnel and to provide LEP litigants with meaningful access to, and an equal opportunity to participate fully in, court programs or services, so that LEP litigants are placed in the same position as similarly situated persons for whom there is no such barrier. 2. The office of court administration shall collect and maintain data on all limited English proficient litigants in all courts within this state; provided, however, that such data shall not be collected from those courts designated as town or village courts. At a minimum, the office of court administration shall collect and maintain data on the following: (a) the number of limited English proficient litigants who are litigants in courts within this state, disaggregated by court and county, and the primary language of such litigants; (b) the number of such limited English proficient litigants served, disaggregated by court and county, the type of language assistance services provided and the primary language of the litigant served; and (c) the number of interpreter personnel employed by the courts, disaggregated by court and county and the language translated or interpreted by such personnel. 3. The office of court administration shall make the data required by this section publicly available on its website, provided, however, that such data shall not include identifying information and nothing in this section shall be construed to permit the office of court administration to use, disseminate, or publish any identifying information, including a litigant's name, date of birth, social security number, docket number, or other unique identifier.

Source: official New York text · Last verified 2026-08-27

Frequently Asked Questions About New York § 391

What does New York Consolidated Laws § 391 cover?

Section 391 ("391Limited English proficient litigants' data") is part of the New York Consolidated Laws, the codified statutory law of New York. It sets out the legal rule or procedure described in the text above. Statutes are amended regularly, so always verify against the official source.

How do I cite New York § 391?

A common citation format is "New York Consolidated Laws § 391" (New York). Legal writing may require the code abbreviation, section number, and year or edition. Match the style required by your court, professor, or publisher.

Is this the official text of New York law?

No. This page is for research and education and may not include the most recent amendments. For official current law, check the New York official source linked on this page or consult a licensed New York attorney.

How does New York § 391 apply to my situation?

Statutes are interpreted in context, and application depends on your specific facts. Only a licensed attorney in New York can advise on how this section applies to you. Contact your state or local bar association for a referral.

Sources & Verification

Not legal advice. Verify against the official source and consult a licensed attorney in New York.