New Jersey § 2c:2-3

§ 2c:2-3.

a. Conduct is the cause of a result when: (1) It is an antecedent but for which the result in question would not have occurred;

and (2) The relationship between the conduct and result satisfies any additional causal

requirements imposed by the code or by the law defining the offense. b. When the offense requires that the defendant purposely or knowingly cause a particular

result, the actual result must be within the design or contemplation, as the case

may be, of the actor, or, if not, the actual result must involve the same kind of

injury or harm as that designed or contemplated and not be too remote, accidental

in its occurrence, or dependent on another's volitional act to have a just bearing

on the actor's liability or on the gravity of his offense. c. When the offense requires that the defendant recklessly or criminally negligently

cause a particular result, the actual result must be within the risk of which the

actor is aware or, in the case of criminal negligence, of which he should be aware,

or, if not, the actual result must involve the same kind of injury or harm as the

probable result and must not be too remote, accidental in its occurrence, or dependent

on another's volitional act to have a just bearing on the actor's liability or on

the gravity of his offense. d. A defendant shall not be relieved of responsibility for causing a result if the

only difference between what actually occurred and what was designed, contemplated

or risked is that a different person or property was injured or affected or that a

less serious or less extensive injury or harm occurred. e. When causing a particular result is a material element of an offense for which

absolute liability is imposed by law, the element is not established unless the actual

result is a probable consequence of the actor's conduct.