New Jersey § 12a:12-16

Full text of New Jersey New Jersey Statutes § 12a:12-16, with citation guidance and answers to common questions.

§ 12a:12-16.

a. As used in this section “transferable record” means an electronic record that: (1) would be a note under Article 3 of the Uniform Commercial Code or a document under Article 7 of the Uniform Commercial Code if the electronic record were in writing; and (2) the issuer of the electronic record expressly has agreed is a transferable record. b. A person has control of a transferable record if a system employed for evidencing

the transfer of interests in the transferable record reliably establishes that person

as the person to which the transferable record was issued or transferred. c. A system satisfies subsection b. of this section and the person is deemed to have

control of a transferable record if the transferable record is created, stored and

assigned in such a manner that: (1) a single authoritative copy of the transferable record exists which is unique,

identifiable and, except as otherwise provided in paragraphs (4), (5) and (6) of this

subsection, unalterable; (2) the authoritative copy identifies the person asserting control as: (a) the person to which the transferable record was issued; or (b) if the authoritative copy indicates that the transferable record has been transferred,the

person to which the transferable record was most recently transferred; (3) the authoritative copy is communicated to and maintained by the person asserting

control or its designated custodian; (4) copies or revisions that add or change an identified assignee of the authoritative

copy may be made only with the consent of the person asserting control; (5) each copy of the authoritative copy and any copy of a copy is readily identifiable

as a copy that is not the authoritative copy; and (6) any revision of the authoritative copy is readily identifiable as authorized or

unauthorized. d. Except as otherwise agreed, a person having control of a transferable record is

the holder, as defined in section 1-201 of the Uniform Commercial Code of the transferable record and has the same rights and defenses as a holder of an

equivalent record or writing under the Uniform Commercial Code including, if the applicable

statutory requirements are satisfied, the rights and defenses of a holder in due course,

a holder to which a negotiable document of title has been duly negotiated or a purchaser. Delivery, possession and indorsement are not required to obtain or exercise any

of the rights under this subsection. e. Except as otherwise agreed, an obligor under a transferable record has the same

rights and defenses as an equivalent obligor under equivalent records or writings

under the Uniform Commercial Code. f. If requested by a person against which enforcement is sought, the person seeking

to enforce the transferable record shall provide reasonable proof that the person

is in control of the transferable record. Proof may include access to the authoritative copy of the transferable record and

related business records sufficient to review the terms of the transferable record

and to establish the identity of the person having control of the transferable record.

Frequently Asked Questions About New Jersey § 12a:12-16

What does New Jersey Statutes § 12a:12-16 cover?

Section 12a:12-16 is part of the New Jersey Statutes, the codified statutory law of New Jersey. It sets out the legal rule or procedure described in the text above. Statutes are amended regularly, so always verify against the official source.

How do I cite New Jersey § 12a:12-16?

A common citation format is "New Jersey Statutes § 12a:12-16" (New Jersey). Legal writing may require the code abbreviation, section number, and year or edition. Match the style required by your court, professor, or publisher.

Is this the official text of New Jersey law?

No. This page is for research and education and may not include the most recent amendments. For official current law, check the New Jersey official source linked on this page or consult a licensed New Jersey attorney.

How does New Jersey § 12a:12-16 apply to my situation?

Statutes are interpreted in context, and application depends on your specific facts. Only a licensed attorney in New Jersey can advise on how this section applies to you. Contact your state or local bar association for a referral.

Sources & Verification

Not legal advice. Verify against the official source and consult a licensed attorney in New Jersey.