Montana § 35-14-146 - Defective Corporate Actions

§ 35-14-146. Defective Corporate Actions

Defective corporate actions. (1) A defective corporate action is not void or voidable if ratified in accordance with 35-14-147 or validated in accordance with 35-14-152 . (2) Ratification under 35-14-147 or validation under 35-14-152 may not be considered the exclusive means of ratifying or validating a defective corporate action, and the absence or failure of ratification in accordance with 35-14-145 through 35-14-152 does not, of itself, affect the validity or effectiveness of any corporate action properly ratified under common law or otherwise or create a presumption that any corporate action is or was a defective corporate action or is void or voidable. (3) In the case of an overissue, putative shares are valid shares effective as of the date originally issued or purportedly issued on: (a) the effectiveness under 35-14-145 through 35-14-152 and under part 10 of this chapter of an amendment to the articles of incorporation authorizing, designating, or creating the shares; or (b) the effectiveness of any other corporate action under 35-14-145 through 35-14-152 ratifying the authorization, designation, or creation of the shares.