Minnesota § 181.931 - DEFINITIONS
Full text of Minnesota Minnesota Statutes § 181.931 — DEFINITIONS, with citation guidance and answers to common questions.
§ 181.931. DEFINITIONS
Subdivision 1.Generally.
For the purpose of sections 181.931 to 181.935 the terms defined in this section have the meanings given them.
Subd. 2.Employee.
"Employee" means a person who performs services for hire in Minnesota for an employer. Employee does not include an independent contractor.
Subd. 3.Employer.
"Employer" means any person having one or more employees in Minnesota and includes the state and any political subdivision of the state.
Subd. 3a.Fraud.
"Fraud" means an intentional or deceptive act, or failure to act, to gain an unlawful benefit.
Subd. 4.Good faith.
"Good faith" means conduct that does not violate section 181.932, subdivision 3.
Subd. 4a.Misuse.
"Misuse" means the improper use of authority or position for personal gain or to cause harm to others, including the improper use of public resources or programs contrary to their intended purpose.
Subd. 5.Penalize.
"Penalize" means conduct that might dissuade a reasonable employee from making or supporting a report, including post-termination conduct by an employer or conduct by an employer for the benefit of a third party.
Subd. 5a.Personal gain.
"Personal gain" means a benefit to a person; a person's spouse, parent, child, or other legal dependent; or an in-law of the person or the person's child.
Subd. 6.Report.
"Report" means a verbal, written, or electronic communication by an employee about an actual, suspected, or planned violation of a statute, regulation, or common law, whether committed by an employer or a third party.
History:
1987 c 76 s 1; 2013 c 83 s 1-3; 2025 c 39 art 2 s 54-56
Official Publication of the State of Minnesota
Revisor of Statutes
Frequently Asked Questions About Minnesota § 181.931
What does Minnesota Statutes § 181.931 cover?
Section 181.931 ("DEFINITIONS") is part of the Minnesota Statutes, the codified statutory law of Minnesota. It sets out the legal rule or procedure described in the text above. Statutes are amended regularly, so always verify against the official source.
How do I cite Minnesota § 181.931?
A common citation format is "Minnesota Statutes § 181.931" (Minnesota). Legal writing may require the code abbreviation, section number, and year or edition. Match the style required by your court, professor, or publisher.
Is this the official text of Minnesota law?
No. This page is for research and education and may not include the most recent amendments. For official current law, check the Minnesota official source linked on this page or consult a licensed Minnesota attorney.
How does Minnesota § 181.931 apply to my situation?
Statutes are interpreted in context, and application depends on your specific facts. Only a licensed attorney in Minnesota can advise on how this section applies to you. Contact your state or local bar association for a referral.
Sources & Verification
Not legal advice. Verify against the official source and consult a licensed attorney in Minnesota.