Massachusetts § 23 - Manufacturing corporations; election of directors by employees
Full text of Massachusetts Massachusetts General Laws § 23 — Manufacturing corporations; election of directors by employees, with citation guidance and answers to common questions.
§ 23. Manufacturing corporations; election of directors by employees
Section 23. A manufacturing corporation may provide by by-law for the nomination and election by its employees of one or more of them as members of its board of directors. All such elections shall be held at the works of the corporation on the day of the annual meeting, and the voting shall be by secret ballot. If less than a majority of those entitled to vote participate in the election there shall be no election, and the vacancy shall be filled as provided in the preceding section. A director elected by the employees shall have the same rights and powers and shall be subject to the same duties and responsibilities as a director elected by the stockholders.
Source: official Massachusetts text · Last verified 2026-08-27
Frequently Asked Questions About Massachusetts § 23
What does Massachusetts General Laws § 23 cover?
Section 23 ("Manufacturing corporations; election of directors by employees") is part of the Massachusetts General Laws, the codified statutory law of Massachusetts. It sets out the legal rule or procedure described in the text above. Statutes are amended regularly, so always verify against the official source.
How do I cite Massachusetts § 23?
A common citation format is "Massachusetts General Laws § 23" (Massachusetts). Legal writing may require the code abbreviation, section number, and year or edition. Match the style required by your court, professor, or publisher.
Is this the official text of Massachusetts law?
No. This page is for research and education and may not include the most recent amendments. For official current law, check the Massachusetts official source linked on this page or consult a licensed Massachusetts attorney.
How does Massachusetts § 23 apply to my situation?
Statutes are interpreted in context, and application depends on your specific facts. Only a licensed attorney in Massachusetts can advise on how this section applies to you. Contact your state or local bar association for a referral.
Sources & Verification
Not legal advice. Verify against the official source and consult a licensed attorney in Massachusetts.