District Of Columbia § 31-4101 - Definitions.
Full text of District Of Columbia D.C. Code § 31-4101 — Definitions., with citation guidance and answers to common questions.
§ 31-4101. Definitions.
31-4101For the purposes of this chapter, the term:
“Commissioner” means the Commissioner of the Department of Insurance, Securities, and Banking, or the commissioner, director, or superintendent of insurance in any other state.
Any person who performs that work; or
Any person who hires an independent contractor to perform that work, but shall include liability for activities which are completed or abandoned before the date of the occurrence giving rise to the liability.
“Completed operations liability” means liability arising out of installation, maintenance, or repair of any product at a site which is not owned or controlled by:
“District” means the District of Columbia.
“Domicile”, for purposes of determining the state in which a purchasing group is domiciled, means:
For a corporation, the state in which the purchasing group is incorporated; and
For an unincorporated entity, the state of its principal place of business.
“Hazardous financial condition” means that, based on its present reasonably anticipated financial condition, a risk retention group, although not yet financially impaired or insolvent, is unlikely to be able to:
Meet obligations to policyholders with respect to known claims and reasonably anticipated claims;
Pay other obligations in the normal course of business; or
Meet the minimum capital and surplus requirements of licensed property and casualty insurance companies.
“Insurance” means primary insurance, excess insurance, reinsurance, surplus lines insurance, and any other arrangement for shifting and distributing risk which is determined to be insurance under the laws of the District.
“Liability” means legal liability for damages, including costs of defense, legal costs, and fees, and other claims expenses, because of injuries to other persons, damage to their property, or other damage or loss to other persons resulting from or arising out of any business (whether profit or nonprofit), trade, product, services (including professional services), premises, or operations, or any activity of any state or local government, or any agency or political subdivision thereof. The term “liability” does not include personal risk liability and an employer’s liability with respect to its employees other than legal liability under the Federal Employers’ Liability Act (45 U.S.C. § 51 et seq.).
“NAIC” means National Association of Insurance Commissioners.
“Personal risk liability” means liability for damages because of injury to any person, damage to property, or other loss or damage resulting from any personal, familial, or household responsibilities or activities, rather than from responsibilities or activities referred to in paragraph (10) of this section.
“Plan of operation or a feasibility study” means an analysis which presents the expected activities and results of a risk retention group including, at a minimum:
Information sufficient to verify that its members are engaged in businesses or activities similar or related with respect to the liability to which the members are exposed by virtue of any related, similar, or common business, trade, product, services, premises, or operations;
For each state in which it intends to operate, the coverages, deductibles, coverage limits, rates, and rating classification systems for each line of insurance the group intends to offer;
Historical and expected loss experience of the proposed members and national experience of similar exposures to the extent that this experience is reasonably available;
Pro forma financial statements and projections;
Appropriate opinions by a qualified, independent casualty actuary including a determination of minimum premium or participation levels required to commence operations and to prevent a hazardous financial condition;
Identification of management, underwriting, and claims procedures marketing methods, managerial oversight methods, investment policies, and reinsurance agreements;
Identification of each state in which the risk retention group has obtained, or sought to obtain, a charter and license, and a description of its status in each state; and
Other matters as may be prescribed by the insurance commissioner of the jurisdiction in which the risk retention group is chartered for liability insurance companies authorized by the insurance laws of that jurisdiction.
“Product liability” means liability for damages because of any personal injury, death, emotional harm, consequential economic damage, or property damage (including damages resulting from the loss of use of property) arising out of the manufacture, design, importation, distribution, packaging, labeling, lease, or sale of a product, but does not include the liability of any person for those damages if the product involved was in the possession of the person when the incident giving rise to the claim occurred.
“Purchasing group” means any group which:
Has as one of its purposes the purchase of liability insurance on a group basis;
Purchases liability insurance only for its group members and only to cover their similar or related liability exposure, as described in subparagraph (C) of this paragraph;
Is composed of members whose businesses or activities are similar or related with respect to the liability to which members are exposed by virtue of any related, similar, or common business, trade, product, services, premises, or operations; and
Is domiciled in any state.
“Risk retention group” means any corporation or other limited liability association:
Whose primary activity consists of assuming and spreading all, or any portion, of the liability exposure of its group members;
Which is organized for the primary purpose of conducting the activity described under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph;
Which is chartered and licensed as a liability insurance company and authorized to engage in the business of insurance under the laws of any state; or which, before January 1, 1985, was chartered or licensed and authorized to engage in the business of insurance under the laws of Bermuda or the Cayman Islands and, before that date, had certified to the insurance commissioner of at least 1 state that it satisfied the capitalization requirements of that state, except that any group shall be considered a risk retention group only if it has been engaged in business continuously since that date and only for the purpose of continuing to provide insurance to cover product liability or completed operations liability, as these terms were defined in the federal Product Liability Risk Retention Act of 1981, approved September 25, 1981 (95 Stat. 949; 15 U.S.C. § 3901 et seq.), before the date of the enactment of the Liability Risk Retention Act of 1986, approved October 27, 1986 (100 Stat. 3170; 15 U.S.C. § 3901 et seq.);
Repealed.
Which does not exclude any person from membership in the group solely to provide members of the group a competitive advantage over that person;
Which has as its owners only persons who comprise the membership of the risk retention group and who are provided insurance by the group, or has as its sole owner an organization which has as its members only persons who comprise the membership of the risk retention group, and as its owners only persons who comprise the membership of the risk retention group and who are provided insurance by the group;
Whose members are engaged in businesses or activities similar or related with respect to the liability of which the members are exposed by virtue of any related, similar, or common business trade, product, services, premises, or operations;
Whose activities do not include the provision of insurance other than:
Liability insurance for assuming and spreading all or any portion of the liability of its group members; and
Reinsurance with respect to the liability of any other risk retention group, or any members of the other group, which is engaged in business or activities so that the group or a member meets the requirement described in paragraph (9)(G) of this section from membership in the risk retention group which provides the reinsurance; and
The name of which includes the phrase “Risk Retention Group”.
“State” means any state of the United States or the District of Columbia.
Repealed.
Annotations
Source: official District Of Columbia text · Last verified 2026-08-27
Frequently Asked Questions About District Of Columbia § 31-4101
What does D.C. Code § 31-4101 cover?
Section 31-4101 ("Definitions.") is part of the D.C. Code, the codified statutory law of District Of Columbia. It sets out the legal rule or procedure described in the text above. Statutes are amended regularly, so always verify against the official source.
How do I cite District Of Columbia § 31-4101?
A common citation format is "D.C. Code § 31-4101" (District Of Columbia). Legal writing may require the code abbreviation, section number, and year or edition. Match the style required by your court, professor, or publisher.
Is this the official text of District Of Columbia law?
No. This page is for research and education and may not include the most recent amendments. For official current law, check the District Of Columbia official source linked on this page or consult a licensed District Of Columbia attorney.
How does District Of Columbia § 31-4101 apply to my situation?
Statutes are interpreted in context, and application depends on your specific facts. Only a licensed attorney in District Of Columbia can advise on how this section applies to you. Contact your state or local bar association for a referral.
Sources & Verification
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