Colorado § 6-1-730 - Price gouging during declared disaster prohibited - deceptive trade practice - legislative declaration - definitions.

§ 6-1-730. Price gouging during declared disaster prohibited - deceptive trade practice - legislative declaration - definitions.

(1) The general assembly hereby:

(a) Finds and determines that:

(I) Under ordinary conditions, the pricing of consumer goods and services generally is best left to the marketplace; except that, when a declared disaster results in abnormal disruptions of the market, the public interest requires that any unfair and unconscionable increase in the price of consumer goods or services be discouraged; and

(II) Protecting consumers from price gouging is a vital function of the state's interest in providing for the health, safety, and welfare of the public; and

(b) Declares that existing prohibitions on deceptive or unfair and unconscionable trade practices under this article 1 should be clarified to ensure that price gouging has been and remains a violation of this article 1.

(2) A person engages in an unfair and unconscionable act or practice when, during a disaster period and within the designated area, the person charges a price so excessive as to amount to price gouging in:

(a) The sale or offer for sale of:

(I) Building materials;

(II) Consumer food items;

(III) Emergency supplies;

(IV) Fuel;

(V) Medical supplies; or

(VI) Other necessities; or

(b) The provision of or offer to provide:

(I) Repair or reconstruction services;

(II) Transportation, freight, or storage services; or

(III) Services used in an emergency cleanup.

(2.5) If the governor declares a disaster emergency pursuant to section 24-33.5-704 (4) and the disaster emergency declaration cites to this subsection (2.5), a price increase in the sale or offer for sale of any good or service listed in subsection (2) of this section amounts to price gouging if the price has increased by more than ten percent of the price at which the seller sold or offered for sale similar goods or services before the disaster began or, if the seller did not sell or offer for sale similar goods or services before the disaster began, the price at which a similarly situated seller sold or offered for sale similar goods or services before the disaster began.

(3) A price shall not be considered unreasonably excessive if the seller can prove that, due to the events that gave rise to the disaster declaration, the price charged by the seller is directly attributable to additional costs imposed by the seller's supplier or suppliers or other direct costs of providing the good or service sold or offered for sale by the seller.

(3.5) For the purposes of subsection (2.5) of this section, a price shall not be considered unreasonably excessive if the seller can prove that the price charged by the seller is directly attributable to seasonal pricing.

(4) This section is enforceable solely by, and at the discretion of, the attorney general or the district attorney with jurisdiction over the conduct at issue.

(5) As used in this section:

(a) "Building materials" means lumber, construction tools, windows, and other materials used in the repair or reconstruction of a structure or other property.

(b) "Consumer food item" means an article used or intended for use as food, beverage, confection, or condiment for human or animal consumption.

(c) "Designated area" means the specific geographic area identified in a disaster declaration.

(d) "Disaster" has the meaning set forth in section 24-33.5-703 (3).

(e) "Disaster declaration" means the declaration of:

(I) A national emergency by the president of the United States pursuant to the "National Emergencies Act", 50 U.S.C. sec. 1601 et seq., as amended; or

(II) A disaster emergency by the governor pursuant to section 24-33.5-704 (4).

(f) "Disaster period" means the date a disaster declaration begins and continuing for one hundred eighty days after the date that the final disaster declaration concerning the disaster expires.

(g) "Emergency supplies" includes water, ice, flashlights, radios, batteries, candles, blankets, soap, diapers, temporary shelters, tape, toilet paper, tissues, paper towels, and toiletries.

(h) (I) "Fuel" means any liquid or gas used to power a vehicle or power tool or used to heat and power a building.

(II) "Fuel" includes gasoline, diesel fuel, and methyl alcohol.

(i) "Medical device" has the same meaning as "device" as set forth in section 25-5-402 (8).

(j) "Medical supplies" includes prescription and nonprescription medication, medical devices, bandages, gauze, isopropyl alcohol, and antibacterial products.

(k) "Necessities" means goods and services that are necessary for human or animal survival during a disaster period.

(l) "Repair or reconstruction services" means services performed to repair or reconstruct any type of vehicle; residential, commercial, agricultural, or government-owned property; or any property owned by an educational institution, that is damaged as a result of a disaster.

(m) (I) "Transportation, freight, or storage services" means a service that is performed by a person that:

(A) Contracts to move, transport, or store property; or

(B) Rents equipment for the purpose of moving, transporting, or storing property.

(II) "Transportation, freight, or storage services" includes towing services.

Source: L. 2020: Entire section added, (HB 20-1414), ch. 305, p. 1552, § 1, effective July 14. L. 2023: (5)(f) amended, (HB 23-1192), ch. 427, p. 2509, § 1, effective June 7. L. 2025: (2.5) and (3.5) added, (HB 25-1010), ch. 174, p. 726, § 2, effective August 6.

Editor's note: Section 5 of chapter 174 (HB 25-1010), Session Laws of Colorado 2025, provides that the act changing this section applies to conduct occurring on or after August 6, 2025.