Colorado § 16-22-102 - Definitions.

§ 16-22-102. Definitions.

As used in this article 22, unless the context otherwise requires:

(1) "Adjudicated" or "adjudication" means a determination by the court that it has been proven beyond a reasonable doubt to the trier of fact that a juvenile has committed a delinquent act or that a juvenile has pled guilty to committing a delinquent act. In addition, when a previous conviction must be pled and proven as an element of an offense or for purposes of sentence enhancement, "adjudication" means conviction.

(1.5) "Birthday" means a person's birthday as reflected on the notice provided to the person pursuant to section 16-22-106 or 16-22-107 or the person's actual date of birth if the notice does not reflect the person's birthday.

(2) "CBI" means the Colorado bureau of investigation established pursuant to part 4 of article 33.5 of title 24, C.R.S.

(3) "Convicted" or "conviction" means having received a verdict of guilty by a judge or jury, having pleaded guilty or nolo contendere, having received a disposition as a juvenile, having been adjudicated a juvenile delinquent, or having received a deferred judgment and sentence or a deferred adjudication.

(3.5) "Employed at an institution of postsecondary education" means a person:

(a) Is employed by or is an independent contractor with an institution of postsecondary education or is employed by or is an independent contractor with an entity that contracts with an institution of postsecondary education; and

(b) Spends any period of time in furtherance of the employment or independent contractor relationship on the campus of the postsecondary institution or at a site that is owned or leased by the postsecondary institution.

(4) "Immediate family" means a person's spouse, parent, grandparent, sibling, or child.

(4.2) "Juvenile" means a person who is under eighteen years of age at the time of the offense and who has not been criminally convicted in the district court of unlawful sexual behavior pursuant to section 19-2.5-801 or 19-2.5-802.

(4.3) (a) "Lacks a fixed residence" means that a person does not have a living situation that meets the definition of "residence" pursuant to subsection (5.7) of this section. "Lacks a fixed residence" may include, but need not be limited to, outdoor sleeping locations or any public or private locations not designed as traditional living accommodations. "Lacks a fixed residence" may also include temporary public or private housing or temporary shelter facilities, residential treatment facilities, or any other residential program or facility if the person remains at the location for less than fourteen days.

(b) "Lacks a fixed residence" also includes a person who is registered in any jurisdiction if the person:

(I) Ceases to reside at an address in that jurisdiction; and

(II) Fails to register:

(A) A change of address in the same jurisdiction; or

(B) In a new jurisdiction pursuant to section 16-22-108 (4); or

(C) Pursuant to section 16-22-108 (3).

(4.5) "Local law enforcement agency" means the law enforcement agency, including but not limited to a campus police agency, that has jurisdiction over a certain geographic area.

(5) "Register" and "registration" include initial registration pursuant to section 16-22-104, and registration, confirmation of registration, and reregistration, as required in section 16-22-108.

(5.5) "Registrant" means a person who is required to register in accordance with this article.

(5.7) "Residence" means a place or dwelling that is used, intended to be used, or usually used for habitation by a person who is required to register pursuant to section 16-22-103. "Residence" may include, but need not be limited to, a temporary shelter or institution, if the person resides at the temporary shelter or institution for fourteen consecutive days or longer, if the owner of the shelter or institution consents to the person utilizing the shelter or institution as his or her registered address as required by section 16-22-106 (4) or 16-22-107 (4)(a), and if the residence of the person at the shelter or institution can be verified as required by section 16-22-109 (3.5). A person may establish multiple residences by residing in more than one place or dwelling.

(5.8) "Resides" includes residence and lacks a fixed residence.

(6) "Sex offender registry" means the Colorado sex offender registry created and maintained by the CBI pursuant to section 16-22-110.

(7) "Sexually violent predator" means a person who is found to be a sexually violent predator pursuant to section 18-3-414.5, C.R.S.

(8) "Temporary resident" means a person who is a resident of another state but in Colorado temporarily because the person is:

(a) Employed in this state on a full-time or part-time basis, with or without compensation, for more than fourteen consecutive business days or for an aggregate period of more than thirty days in any calendar year; or

(b) Enrolled in any type of educational institution in this state on a full-time or part-time basis; or

(c) Present in Colorado for more than fourteen consecutive business days or for an aggregate period of more than thirty days in a calendar year for any purpose, including but not limited to vacation, travel, or retirement.

(9) "Unlawful sexual behavior" means any of the following offenses or criminal attempt, conspiracy, or solicitation to commit any of the following offenses:

(a) (I) Sexual assault, in violation of section 18-3-402, C.R.S.; or

(II) Sexual assault in the first degree, in violation of section 18-3-402, C.R.S., as it existed prior to July 1, 2000;

(b) Sexual assault in the second degree, in violation of section 18-3-403, C.R.S., as it existed prior to July 1, 2000;

(c) (I) Unlawful sexual contact, in violation of section 18-3-404, C.R.S.; or

(II) Sexual assault in the third degree, in violation of section 18-3-404, C.R.S., as it existed prior to July 1, 2000;

(d) Sexual assault on a child, in violation of section 18-3-405, C.R.S.;

(e) Sexual assault on a child by one in a position of trust, in violation of section 18-3-405.3, C.R.S.;

(f) Sexual assault on a client by a psychotherapist, in violation of section 18-3-405.5, C.R.S.;

(g) Enticement of a child, in violation of section 18-3-305, C.R.S.;

(h) Incest, in violation of section 18-6-301, C.R.S.;

(i) Aggravated incest, in violation of section 18-6-302, C.R.S.;

(j) Human trafficking of a minor for sexual servitude, as described in section 18-3-504 (2), C.R.S.;

(j.5) Human trafficking for sexual servitude, as described in section 18-3-504 (1);

(k) Sexual exploitation of children, in violation of section 18-6-403, C.R.S.;

(l) Procurement of a child for sexual exploitation, in violation of section 18-6-404, C.R.S.;

(m) Indecent exposure, in violation of section 18-7-302, C.R.S.;

(n) Soliciting for commercial sexual activity with a child, in violation of section 18-7-402;

(o) Pandering of a child, in violation of section 18-7-403, C.R.S.;

(p) Procurement of a child, in violation of section 18-7-403.5, C.R.S.;

(q) Keeping a place of commercial sexual activity with a child, in violation of section 18-7-404;

(r) Pimping of a child, in violation of section 18-7-405, C.R.S.;

(s) Inducement of commercial sexual activity with a child, in violation of section 18-7-405.5;

(t) Engaging in commercial sexual activity with a child, in violation of section 18-7-406;

(t.5) As each of the following offenses existed prior to July 1, 2026: Soliciting for child prostitution, in violation of section 18-7-402; keeping a place of child prostitution, in violation of section 18-7-404; inducement of child prostitution, in violation of section 18-7-405.5; or patronizing a prostituted child, in violation of section 18-7-406;

(u) Engaging in sexual conduct in a correctional institution, in violation of section 18-7-701, C.R.S.;

(v) Wholesale promotion of obscenity to a minor, in violation of section 18-7-102 (1.5), C.R.S.;

(w) Promotion of obscenity to a minor, in violation of section 18-7-102 (2.5), C.R.S.;

(x) Class 3 and class 4 felony internet luring of a child, in violation of section 18-3-306 (3);

(y) Internet sexual exploitation of a child, in violation of section 18-3-405.4, C.R.S.;

(z) Public indecency, committed in violation of section 18-7-301 (2)(b), C.R.S., if a second offense is committed within five years of the previous offense or a third or subsequent offense is committed;

(aa) Invasion of privacy for sexual gratification, in violation of section 18-3-405.6;

(bb) Second degree kidnapping, if committed in violation of section 18-3-302 (3)(a);

(cc) Unlawful electronic sexual communication, in violation of section 18-3-418; or

(dd) Unlawful sexual conduct by a peace officer, in violation of section 18-3-405.7.

Source: L. 2002: Entire article added, p. 1157, § 1, effective July 1. L. 2004: (9)(v) and (9)(w) added, p. 800, § 1, effective May 21; (3.5), (4.5), (5.5), and (5.7) added and (8) amended, p. 1107, § 1, effective May 27. L. 2006: (5.7) amended, p. 1006, § 3, effective July 1; (9)(x) and (9)(y) added, p. 2054, § 2, effective July 1. L. 2010: (9)(j) amended, (SB 10-140), ch. 156, p. 537, § 6, effective April 21; (9)(u) amended, (HB 10-1277), ch. 262, p. 1190, § 2, effective July 1; (9)(x) and (9)(y) amended and (9)(z) added, (HB 10-1334), ch. 359, p. 1708, § 3, effective August 11; (9)(x) and (9)(y) amended and (9)(aa) added, (SB 10-128), ch. 415, p. 2047, § 8, effective July 1, 2012. L. 2011: (9)(bb) added, (HB 11-1278), ch. 224, p. 960, § 3, effective May 27. L. 2012: (4.3) and (5.8) added and (5.7) amended, (HB 12-1346), ch. 220, p. 940, § 1, effective July 1. L. 2014: (9)(j) amended, (HB 14-1273), ch. 282, p. 1153, § 13, effective July 1. L. 2017: IP amended and (9)(j.5) added, (HB 17-1072), ch. 250, p. 1050, § 3, effective September 1. L. 2019: (9)(aa) and (9)(bb) amended and (9)(cc) added, (HB 19-1030), ch. 145, p. 1760, § 3, effective July 1; (9)(aa) and (9)(bb) amended and (9)(dd) added, (HB 19-1250), ch. 287, p. 2663, § 3, effective July 1. L. 2021: (1) amended and (1.5) and (4.2) added, (HB 21-1064), ch. 320, p. 1961, § 1, effective September 1. L. 2022: (4.2) amended, (SB 22-212), ch. 421, p. 2969, § 27, effective August 10. L. 2026: (9)(n), (9)(q), (9)(s), (9)(t), and (9)(x) amended and (9)(t.5) added, (SB 26-015), ch. 335, p. 2038, § 16, effective July 1.

Cross references: For the legislative declaration in SB 26-015, see section 1 of chapter 335, Session Laws of Colorado 2026.

ANNOTATION

Annotator's note. Since § 16-22-102 is similar to § 18-3-412.5 as it existed prior to its 2002 repeal and reenactment, a relevant case construing that provision has been included in the annotations to this section.

The sex offender registration act taken as a whole gives fair notice that "residence" applies to more than a traditional house or apartment, so it is not unconstitutionally vague as applied to defendant. Defendant had fair notice that staying in his car may have triggered his registration duties. People v. Allman, 2012 COA 212, 321 P.3d 557.

In reference to the term "convicted" in subsection (3), the phrase "having received a deferred judgment and sentence" does not mean the same as "completing the terms of a deferred sentencing agreement". Defendant must register as a sex offender pursuant to § 16-22-103 (1)(a) despite completion of a deferred sentencing agreement. Dubois v. Abrahamson, 214 P.3d 586 (Colo. App. 2009).

A motor vehicle if used, intended to be used, or usually used for habitation may be a "residence", even if it is not parked in a fixed location. People v. Allman, 2012 COA 212, 321 P.3d 557.

The term "residence" does not require an address. People v. Allman, 2012 COA 212, 321 P.3d 557.

The trial court properly ordered the defendant to register as a sex offender pursuant to this section even though defendant plead guilty to an offense not specifically listed in the definition of "unlawful sexual behavior" in subsection (1)(b). Although defendant plead guilty to contributing to the delinquency of a minor, she had engaged in soliciting for child prostitution, pandering of a child, procurement of a child for sexual exploitation, and inducement of child prostitution. Thus, the factual basis for the plea involved unlawful sexual behavior, and defendant was appropriately required to register as a sex offender. People v. Meidinger, 987 P.2d 937 (Colo. App. 1999).

To establish a residence under subsection (5.7) requires a physical presence or occupancy at a location. An offender under the Colorado Sex Offender Registration Act is required to give notice of where he or she intends to reside upon release from custody, but is not required to register at an address solely based upon that intent. People v. Griffin, 397 P.3d 1086 (Colo. App. 2011).