Colorado § 14-13-104 - International application of article.

§ 14-13-104. International application of article.

(1) A court of this state shall treat a foreign country as if it were a state of the United States for the purpose of applying this part 1 and part 2 of this article.

(2) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (3) of this section, a child-custody determination made in a foreign country under factual circumstances in substantial conformity with the jurisdictional standards of this article must be recognized and enforced under part 3 of this article.

(3) A court of this state need not apply this article if the child-custody law of a foreign country violates fundamental principles of human rights.

Source: L. 2000: Entire article R&RE, p. 1521, § 1, effective July 1.

Editor's note: This section is similar to former § 14-13-124 as it existed prior to 2000.

OFFICIAL COMMENT

The provisions of this Act have international application to child custody proceedings and determinations of other countries. Another country will be treated as if it were a State of the United States for purposes of applying parts 1 and 2 of this Act. Custody determinations of other countries will be enforced if the facts of the case indicate that jurisdiction was in substantial compliance with the requirements of this Act.

In this section, the term "child-custody determination" should be interpreted to include proceedings relating to custody or analogous institutions of the other country. See generally, Article 3 of The Hague Convention on Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, Recognition, Enforcement and Co-operation in Respect of Parental Responsibility and Measures for the Protection of Children. 35 I.L.M. 1391 (1996).

A court of this State may refuse to apply this Act when the child custody law of the other country violates basic principles relating to the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms. The same concept is found in of the Section 20 of the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction (return of the child may be refused if this would not be permitted by the fundamental principles of the requested State relating to the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms). In applying subsection (3), the court's scrutiny should be on the child custody law of the foreign country and not on other aspects of the other legal system. This Act takes no position on what laws relating to child custody would violate fundamental freedoms. While the provision is a traditional one in international agreements, it is invoked only in the most egregious cases.

This section is derived from Section 23 of the UCCJA.

ANNOTATION

Law reviews. For article, "The Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act and the Parental Kidnapping Prevention Act", see 11 Colo. Law. 1224 (1982). For article, "Interstate Custody Problems Revisited", see 11 Colo. Law. 2596 (1982).

Annotator's note. Since § 14-13-104 is similar to § 14-13-124 as it existed prior to the 2000 repeal and reenactment of this article, relevant cases construing that provision have been included in the annotations to this section.

The general policies of the UCCJA apply to recognition and enforcement of custody decrees from other countries. In re Jeffers and Makropoulos, 992 P.2d 686 (Colo. App. 1999).

Applied in Woodhouse v. District Court, 196 Colo. 558, 587 P.2d 1199 (1978); In re T.L.B., 2012 COA 8, 272 P.3d 1148; People in Interest of A.B-A., 2019 COA 125, 451 P.3d 1278.