California § 451 - All charges demanded or received by any public utility, or by any two or more pub
Full text of California Public Contract Code - PCC § 451 — All charges demanded or received by any public utility, or by any two or more pub, with citation guidance and answers to common questions.
§ 451. All charges demanded or received by any public utility, or by any two or more pub
All charges demanded or received by any public utility, or by any two or more public utilities, for any product or commodity furnished or to be furnished or any service rendered or to be rendered shall be just and reasonable. Every unjust or unreasonable charge demanded or received for such product or commodity or service is unlawful. Every public utility shall furnish and maintain such adequate, efficient, just, and reasonable service, instrumentalities, equipment, and facilities, including telephone facilities, as defined in Section 54.1 of the Civil Code, as are necessary to promote the safety, health, comfort, and convenience of its patrons, employees, and the public. All rules made by a public utility affecting or pertaining to its charges or service to the public shall be just and reasonable.
Source: official California text · Last verified 2026-08-27
Frequently Asked Questions About California § 451
What does Public Contract Code - PCC § 451 cover?
Section 451 ("All charges demanded or received by any public utility, or by any two or more pub") is part of the Public Contract Code - PCC, the codified statutory law of California. It sets out the legal rule or procedure described in the text above. Statutes are amended regularly, so always verify against the official source.
How do I cite California § 451?
A common citation format is "Public Contract Code - PCC § 451" (California). Legal writing may require the code abbreviation, section number, and year or edition. Match the style required by your court, professor, or publisher.
Is this the official text of California law?
No. This page is for research and education and may not include the most recent amendments. For official current law, check the California official source linked on this page or consult a licensed California attorney.
How does California § 451 apply to my situation?
Statutes are interpreted in context, and application depends on your specific facts. Only a licensed attorney in California can advise on how this section applies to you. Contact your state or local bar association for a referral.
Sources & Verification
Not legal advice. Verify against the official source and consult a licensed attorney in California.