Alabama § 32-5A-382 - (Repealed by Act 2026-475, § 22 Effective September 30, 2028) Affirmative Defenses.
Full text of Alabama Code of Alabama § 32-5A-382 — (Repealed by Act 2026-475, § 22 Effective September 30, 2028) Affirmative Defenses., with citation guidance and answers to common questions.
§ 32-5A-382. (Repealed by Act 2026-475, § 22 Effective September 30, 2028) Affirmative Defenses.
(a) The owner of a motor vehicle may raise any of the following as an affirmative defense to the imposition of liability under this article:
(1) The operator of the motor vehicle was acting in compliance with the lawful order or direction of a law enforcement officer.
(2) The motor vehicle was being operated as an authorized emergency vehicle.
(3) The motor vehicle was stolen or being operated by an individual other than the owner of the vehicle without the effective consent of the owner.
(4) The license plate depicted in the recorded image of the speeding violation was a stolen license plate and being displayed on a motor vehicle other than the motor vehicle for which the license plate had been issued.
(5) The person who received the notice of civil traffic citation was not the owner of the motor vehicle at the time of the speeding violation.
(6) The person who received the notice of civil traffic citation was not the operator of the motor vehicle at the time of the speeding violation.
(7) The operator of the vehicle was arrested or was issued a citation and notice to appear by a law enforcement officer for a traffic or criminal violation of any other portion of this title or any other municipal ordinance that embraces and incorporates the statutes contained in this title, and the conduct resulting in the citation occurred simultaneously with and under the same set of circumstances recorded by the automated photographic speed enforcement system.
(b) The burden of raising and establishing the affirmative defense shall be on the owner of the vehicle.
Source: official Alabama text · Last verified 2026-08-27
Frequently Asked Questions About Alabama § 32-5A-382
What does Code of Alabama § 32-5A-382 cover?
Section 32-5A-382 ("(Repealed by Act 2026-475, § 22 Effective September 30, 2028) Affirmative Defenses.") is part of the Code of Alabama, the codified statutory law of Alabama. It sets out the legal rule or procedure described in the text above. Statutes are amended regularly, so always verify against the official source.
How do I cite Alabama § 32-5A-382?
A common citation format is "Code of Alabama § 32-5A-382" (Alabama). Legal writing may require the code abbreviation, section number, and year or edition. Match the style required by your court, professor, or publisher.
Is this the official text of Alabama law?
No. This page is for research and education and may not include the most recent amendments. For official current law, check the Alabama official source linked on this page or consult a licensed Alabama attorney.
How does Alabama § 32-5A-382 apply to my situation?
Statutes are interpreted in context, and application depends on your specific facts. Only a licensed attorney in Alabama can advise on how this section applies to you. Contact your state or local bar association for a referral.
Sources & Verification
Not legal advice. Verify against the official source and consult a licensed attorney in Alabama.